ER-phagy in yeast and mammals. ER-phagy receptors reside in distinct ER subdomains (yeast, left; mammals, right). ER-phagy receptors concentrate cargo in an ER subdomain via interaction with Atg8 (yeast) or LC3/GABARAP (mammal) in the growing autophagic membrane, the phagophore. ER-phagy substrates are next enclosed in a double-membrane-bound autophagosome, which fuses with the lysosome/vacuole. In yeast, the UPR (black lightning bolt) can give rise to ER whorls, which are nonselectively delivered to the vacuole. In mammals, Sec62 helps reestablish ER homeostasis after UPR induction.