Visualization of transcription factors with VANIMA by super-resolution microscopy. (A) The labeled mAbs binding to the transcription factors RPB1, TAF10, and TBP (yellow) were transduced in U2OS cells, and their localization in the cells was monitored 24 h after transduction by 3D-SIM. The pictures show a typical nucleus recorded in each case after fixation and DAPI (gray) treatment (Videos 2–4). The Z maximum intensity projections of five slices show the labeled mAbs with (right half) or without (left half) DAPI counterstaining (gray). The solid white lines depict the nuclear contour. Bottom: Magnification of the white regions of interest, under the corresponding image. (B) The nuclei shown correspond to transduced U2OS cells as in A, except that transductions were performed with the corresponding labeled Fab fragments. Bars, 2 µm.