Loss of ubc-13, uev-1, or chn-1 affects cell corpse removal. (A and C) Time course analysis of cell corpse appearance during embryonic development was performed in the indicated strains. At least 15 embryos were scored at each stage in each strain. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Data derived from different genetic backgrounds at multiple developmental stages were compared by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni posttest. Mutant datasets were compared with WT (A), and datasets from double mutants were compared with single mutants (C). **, P < 0.001; all other points, P > 0.05. (B) Four-dimensional microscopy analysis of cell corpse duration was performed in WT, ubc-13(qx222), ubc-13(tm3546), uev-1(ok2610), and chn-1(by155). The persistence of 33 cell corpses from three embryos in each strain was monitored. The mean duration (± SEM) is shown in parenthesis. The Kaplan-Meier method followed by the log-rank test was performed to compare mutant datasets with WT. *, P < 0.05. (D and E) Cell corpses were scored at the twofold embryonic stage in the indicated strains. At least 15 embryos were scored in each strain. Data are shown as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posttest was performed to compare datasets that are linked by lines. **, P < 0.0001; N.S., no significance.