Src activity is required and constitutive, but targets are not in the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex. (A) Top: Typical micrographs of GFP-β-catenin cells with and without HGF and PP1. Bottom: Area after 2 h normalized by the area at t = 0 for unstimulated cells (n = 5 cells), HGF (n = 15; data from Fig. S1 I), and HGF- and PP1-treated (n = 9) cells. (B) GFP intensity in the nucleus (relative to cytoplasm) of GFP-β-catenin 5 h with or without HGF (50 ng/ml; data from Fig. 1 E), and with PP1 (25 µM) with and without HGF (n = +/− 24/25 cells). (C) FRET index change at cell–cell contacts of EcadTSMod in cells 5 h with and without HGF (50 ng/ml; data from Fig. 1 D), and with PP1 (25 µM) with and without HGF (n = +/− 29/43 cells). (D) Top: Typical micrographs of wounded sheet migration of GFP-β-catenin cells with and without PP1 (75 µM). Bottom: Migration speed (mean distance traveled by cell front per hour) with or without PP1 (75 µM; n = −/+ 107/117 cells). (E) GFP intensity in the nucleus (relative to cytoplasm) of GFP-β-catenin in leader and back cells 5 h postwound, with or without PP1 (75 µM; n = leaders −/+ 43/69, back −/+ 116/114 cells). (F) FRET index of EcadTSMod cells in leader lamellipodia and cell–cell contact at the back 5 h postwound, with or without PP1 (75 µM; n = leaders −/+ 68/122, back −/+ 49/104 cells). (G) Localization of GFP-β-catenin Y654E or Y654F in cells with and without HGF. Arrows show membrane localization of both mutants in unstimulated cells and nuclear localization of both mutants in HGF-treated cells. (H) GFP intensity in the nucleus (relative to cytoplasm) of GFP-β-catenin WT (data from Fig 1 E) and Y654F and E mutants in cells 5 h with or without HGF (n = F: −/+ 40/52, E: −/+ 77/77 cells). Bars: (wound healing) 100 µm; (HGF) 20 µm. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Values plotted are mean ± SEM. ns, not significant.