Nuclear β-catenin significantly comes from the membrane. (A) Localization of photoconvertible mMaple-β-catenin through time in cells 4 h after HGF. (B) Photoconverted mMaple-β-catenin in the nucleus through time (red intensity in the nucleus at t relative to red intensity in photoconverted region at t = 0 s) for leader cells in a wound (n = 18 cells), cells 4 h after HGF (n = 23 cells), unstimulated cells (n = 14), and 5 h post-LiCl (n = 37). (C) Photoconverted mMaple-β-catenin red intensity in the nucleus at 5 min relative to red intensity in photoconverted region at t = 0 s for leader cells in a wound (n = 18 cells), cells 4 h after HGF (n = 23), unstimulated cells (n = 14), and 5 h post-LiCl (n = 37). (D) Localization of photoconvertible mMaple-β-catenin through time in leader cells of a wounded sheet. (E) Localization of photoconvertible mMaple-β-catenin through time in cells 5 h post-LiCl (30 mM). (F) FRET Index change of EcadTSMod in MDCK cells after 5 h of LiCl stimulation (30 mM; n = −/+ 41/132 cells). Bars, 20 µm. Solid line indicates the nuclei based on transmission image. Dotted line indicates region of 405-nm photoconversion at t = 0 s. White arrow shows nuclear accumulation of photoconverted mMaple-β-catenin within minutes. Two-tailed Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Values plotted are mean ± SEM. ns, not significant.