![Figure 3. DNTs and Tolls activate proapoptotic and prosurvival pathways. (A) Overexpression of DNTs in larval retina with GMR-GAL4–altered pJNK activation. The box plot graph depicts a one-way analysis of variance: ***, P < 0.001; Dunnett’s post-hoc test. (B) Stimulation of S2 cells with purified DNT2-CK–induced Dorsal phosphorylation. (C) Stimulation of S2 cells with DNT2-CK provoked the degradation of the cytoplasmic inhibitor Cactus (αCact) and the nuclear translocation of Dif (αDif) and Dorsal (αDI), particularly in Toll-6– or -7–transfected cells. Molecular masses are given in kilodaltons. Dotted lines indicate that intervening lanes have been spliced out. (D) Overexpression of DNT1-CK-CTD and DNT2-CK, but not DNT1-FL or spz-CK, activated ERK (arrows) in RG-GAL4 neurons of the larval optic lobe. n = 5–11. (E) Overexpression of activated Toll-6CY and -7CY in the retina increased pERK (arrows indicate morphogenetic furrow [mf]). GMR-GAL4>TORDER is a positive control. Error bars display SD (s.d.). One-way analysis of variance: P < 0.0001; Dunnett’s post-hoc test. n = 8–13. A, anterior; P, posterior. (F) Distinct effect of loss and gain of function for Tolls in Eve+ neuron numbers in larvae. Dashed lines indicate the median (left graph) or 50% of the data distribution in controls (right graph). One-way analysis of variance: ***, P < 0.0001; Dunnett’s post-hoc test. n = 5–22. ns, not significant. Asterisks on graphs indicate post-hoc multiple comparisons corrections: **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. > indicates GAL4/UAS. Bars, 50 µm. (G) Different ligand forms and Toll receptors can induce either cell survival or death. For genotypes, statistical details, and sample sizes, see Table S2.](https://cdn.rupress.org/rup/content_public/journal/jcb/216/5/10.1083_jcb.201607098/7/jcb_201607098_fig3.jpeg?Expires=1773542159&Signature=Izc8ZRtxr85TnkWj3wa9n1r7fn7zPqUDggAlLN-Er8C0gjb~Fgk6U-q8~RrW9fnYoUPVA2NFQ2IphNYaVrzGX3EdYey5-CdbKQVNpFyqZmfUTPgyitN~ZZNqic3ptw7Bhpy8Ubl4MRKQ-ovRnw35sms054xQtqlQuMvWF1yLt4s34EwpcZLwsHmZqTq6gWCU4SAFTlPUUjWVHYnr49Jafw7crlRYhdPc3urRx8~L6pxKqbCVciBZdObTfAG3Z3y8e2ZiCdbJLdosEkZnYSl8PYlc1wXQ4eFb7X1XyslquB74BJjKflRb74PF6WV8LcnuL72T2bYsorYcyG8By70L8g__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
DNTs and Tolls activate proapoptotic and prosurvival pathways. (A) Overexpression of DNTs in larval retina with GMR-GAL4–altered pJNK activation. The box plot graph depicts a one-way analysis of variance: ***, P < 0.001; Dunnett’s post-hoc test. (B) Stimulation of S2 cells with purified DNT2-CK–induced Dorsal phosphorylation. (C) Stimulation of S2 cells with DNT2-CK provoked the degradation of the cytoplasmic inhibitor Cactus (αCact) and the nuclear translocation of Dif (αDif) and Dorsal (αDI), particularly in Toll-6– or -7–transfected cells. Molecular masses are given in kilodaltons. Dotted lines indicate that intervening lanes have been spliced out. (D) Overexpression of DNT1-CK-CTD and DNT2-CK, but not DNT1-FL or spz-CK, activated ERK (arrows) in RG-GAL4 neurons of the larval optic lobe. n = 5–11. (E) Overexpression of activated Toll-6CY and -7CY in the retina increased pERK (arrows indicate morphogenetic furrow [mf]). GMR-GAL4>TORDER is a positive control. Error bars display SD (s.d.). One-way analysis of variance: P < 0.0001; Dunnett’s post-hoc test. n = 8–13. A, anterior; P, posterior. (F) Distinct effect of loss and gain of function for Tolls in Eve+ neuron numbers in larvae. Dashed lines indicate the median (left graph) or 50% of the data distribution in controls (right graph). One-way analysis of variance: ***, P < 0.0001; Dunnett’s post-hoc test. n = 5–22. ns, not significant. Asterisks on graphs indicate post-hoc multiple comparisons corrections: **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. > indicates GAL4/UAS. Bars, 50 µm. (G) Different ligand forms and Toll receptors can induce either cell survival or death. For genotypes, statistical details, and sample sizes, see Table S2.
