MSX1 induces an inflammatory proadhesive endothelial state. (A) Pictures of THP1 cells (in green) attached to HUAECs upon transduction with control Cherry or MSX1 plasmid for 3 d. Bars, 100 µm. (B) Quantification is represented as the number of monocytes per field of view. n = 6. *, P < 0.05 versus the Cherry control condition. (C) qRT-PCR expression analysis of ICAM1 and VCAM1 in MSX1 overexpression conditions mediated by plasmid transduction of HUAECs (n = 10) or SMCs (n = 3). *, P < 0.05 versus the Cherry control condition. (D) qRT-PCR analysis upon siRNA-mediated MSX1 knockdown. mRNA expression is represented relative to the control condition. n = 5–7. *, P < 0.05 versus the corresponding control condition. (E and F) qRT-PCR analysis on HUAECs transfected with control siRNA or siRNA against MSX1 seeded in fibronectin-coated chambers and subsequently kept under static conditions or subjected to 6 h of oscillatory flow. ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression is represented relative to the control static condition. n = 4 and n = 3, respectively. *, P < 0.05 versus the indicated condition. Error bars represent the SEM.