Protein localization by matrix-dependent, self-organizing ParA/MinD ATPases. (A) PpfA localization in R. sphaeroides and its association with the chromosome (dark gray) and the cluster of chemotaxis proteins. TlpT-induced ATP hydrolysis by PpfA is indicated. (B) Localization of the MinCDE proteins in E. coli. MinE-induced ATP hydrolysis by MinD is indicated. The level of MinC is lowest at midcell where the Z-ring is formed. Chromosomes are indicated in dark gray. (C) Localization of MipZ in C. crescentus. A MipZ gradient is formed over the chromosome (dark gray) and with the lowest MipZ concentration at midcell where the Z-ring is formed. (D) PomZ localization in M. xanthus. PomZ localizes at midcell before and independently of FtsZ. Chromosomes are indicated in dark gray. The PomZ monomer is shown to not bind to the chromosome; however, this has not been experimentally verified.