Suppression of GluA1 expression by miR-501-3p is required for long-lasting spine remodeling induced by NMDAR activation. Cultured hippocampus neurons (14 DIV) were transfected with designated plasmids or oligonucleotides, treated with NMDA (30 µM for 5 min) at 3–5 d after transfection, and imaged before and at 10, 30, and 90 min after treatment. (A) Representative images; yellow boxes indicate the dendrites in the high magnification images. (B) Quantification of A; n = 6–8 neurons for each group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; one-way ANOVA was used for comparing spine size and elimination among different groups and P < 0.005 for all time points except for spine elimination at 10 min after NMDA treatment. Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the NMDA treated, venus transfected group versus all other groups at the same time point. The asterisks are color-coded and indicate that the conditions labeled with the same color are significantly different from the NMDA treated, venus transfected group at the same time point. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.005. Bars: (A, top) 20 µm; (A, high magnification) 5 µm.