A specific Elmo–Dock complex machinery is essential for cell–cell contact formation. (A) Schematic showing mammalian Dock and Elmo protein orthologues with known interactions (Meller et al., 2005; Côté and Vuori, 2007). (B) Quantification of hanging drop assays for the indicated siRNAs in which the cells were binned into cluster classes: 1–10, 11–20, 21–50, 51–100, or >100 cells (Toret et al., 2014). The percentage of cells in each category is shown for each time point. The data shown are from a representative experiment of three repeats in which ∼5 × 10⁴ cells were analyzed for each time point. (C) RT-PCR analysis of transcript levels for the indicated genes of interest. Dashes indicate molecular mass standards. Percentage of knockdown for each siRNA was calculated by taking the mean from three experiments. (D) E-cadherin immunofluorescence for the indicated siRNA-treated cells at different times after cell plating. Yellow arrowheads indicate reduced E-cadherin staining at cell–cell contacts. Bar, 5 µm. (E) Box plot quantification of the ratio of E-cadherin fluorescence intensity at a region of cell–cell contact normalized to the intensity of an equal region of the cytoplasm underlying the contact (n = 67 for each condition). Whiskers show minimum and maximum values, horizontal lines show medians, and boxes show 1st and 3rd quartiles. P-values were determined by unpaired t test for the indicated samples.