Simultaneous, dual-color fluorescence observations of single particles of Alexa Fluor 488–mSiNC, showing that ∼38% of mSiNC particles are fluorescent. Representative synchronously obtained, spatially corrected images of the Alexa Fluor488 (left) and the mSiNC (middle) and their overlaid images (right). Yellow arrowheads show colocalized spots (within 150 nm from each other). In the overlaid figure, apparently incomplete overlapping of green and red spots occurs (see the spot in the bottom left corner). However, these are within expected error range of ∼50 nm (Koyama-Honda et al., 2005). A spot with strong fluorescence intensity in the Alexa Fluor 488 channel probably represents an mSiNC that was conjugated with two or more molecules of Alexa Fluor 488 (this is expected to occur for ∼5% of the mSiNC particles). The stronger intensity spots in the mSiNC channel represent those at the high end of the intensity distribution shown in Fig. 4 B (top).