The VAD fragment, unlike full-length talin, colocalizes with cadherin-containing cell–cell contact sites. (A) Comparison of the localization of VAD-GFP (green) and cadherin (red) at the region around cell–cell borders. White arrows point to a few locations where VAD-GFP and cadherin staining overlaps. (B) Anti-talin C20, which recognizes both the full-length endogenous talin and its VAD fragment (green), partially colocalizes with cadherin (red) in cell–cell contact areas (indicated by white arrows). (C) Full-length talin (green, represented by recombinant full-length talin protein fused with GFP on its N terminus) does not show prominent colocalization with cadherin (red). Asterisks were used to mark the positions for comparison. All the fluorescent images here were acquired with a 40x dry lens.