AtSUNs are required for targeting AtWIP1 and AtRanGAP1 to the NE. (A) GFP-AtWIP1 or GFP-AtWIP1ΔVVPT signal in undifferentiated root cells (top row) and corresponding intensity profiles along the magenta arrows (bottom row). C1 and C2, cytoplasmic intensity 1 and 2, respectively; N1 and N2, nuclear intensity 1 and 2, respectively. Bars, 5 µm. (B) NLI ([N₁ + N₂]/[C₁ + C₂]) calculated using the intensities measured as shown in A. Asterisks indicate significant statistical difference between compared lines (P < 0.01, using a t test; n = 50). Error bars represent SEM. (C) AtRanGAP1-GFP signal in undifferentiated root cells (top row) and corresponding intensity profiles along the magenta arrows (bottom row). Bars, 5 µm. (D) NLI calculated as described in B, using intensities measured as in C. Asterisks indicate significant statistical difference between compared lines (P < 0.01, using a t test; n = 55). Error bars represent SEM. (E) AtSUN2, AtWIP1, and AtRanGAP1 are in the same complex. AtRanGAP1-GFP was immunoprecipitated and detected by anti-GFP antibody. AtWIP1 and RFP-Myc-AtSUN2 were detected with anti-AtWIP1 antibody and anti-Myc antibody, respectively. Numbers on the left indicate molecular mass in kilodaltons.