3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation induces a change in the size of GLUT4 vesicles. (A–D) Single vesicle fusion events were visualized by TIRFM imaging of 3T3-L1 cells stably expressing GLUT4-GFP (see Videos 1 and 2). Maximum projection time-lapse (10 Hz) images of preadipocytes (A) and mature adipocytes (B) are shown, with galleries of single fusion events (asterisks) underneath (C and D). (E) Theoretical ratio of the fluorescence intensities of docked (Id) to fully fused (If) membrane-labeled vesicles in an evanescent field of measured penetration depth, Dp (98 nm), were modeled as a function of vesicle size (black curve, see Materials and methods). Id/If were measured for GLUT4 vesicles from preadipocytes and mature adipocytes and fitted to Gaussian distributions (inset), and the mean vesicle diameters were calculated using the black look-up curve (arrows). Bars: (A and B) 10 µm; (C and D) 1 µm.