PINK1 is constitutively degraded in a mitochondrial membrane potential–dependent manner and localizes to depolarized mitochondria. (A) The number of HeLa cells with N-terminal– or C-terminal–tagged PINK1 localized to the mitochondria was counted in >100 cells. (B and C) Exogenous nontagged PINK1 (B) or endogenous PINK1 (C) in HeLa cells was immunostained with the indicated antibodies. (D) The number of HeLa cells with endogenous PINK1 localized to the mitochondria was counted as in A. (A and D) Error bars represent the mean ± SD values of least three experiments. (E) Endogenous PINK1 gradually accumulated after CCCP treatment. The first through the fifth lanes show endogenous PINK1, and the sixth lane shows overexpressed untagged PINK1. Note that the asterisk indicates a cross-reacting band because it was not affected by overproduction of untagged PINK1. (F) Subcellular fractionation of endogenous PINK1. Intact SH-SY5Y cells were treated with CCCP or DMSO and subjected to fractionation experiments (same sample as Fig. 1 B). I, C, and M indicate input, cytosol-rich supernatant, and the mitochondria-rich membrane pellet, respectively. (G) HeLa cells were treated with CCCP and cycloheximide as depicted, followed by immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. LDH, lactate dehydrogenase. (F and G) Asterisks indicate a cross-reacting band. (H) N-terminal 34 aa of PINK1 recruited GFP to the mitochondria both in the absence and presence of CCCP. The top panel shows control HeLa cells expressing only GFP. (B, C, and H) Higher magnification views of the boxed areas are shown in the insets. Bars, 10 µm.