Figure 2. The ubiquitin–proteasome system is dispensable for macroautophagy. The autophagic rate was determined as in Fig. 1. Mutants defective in the Cdc48 substrate-recruiting cofactor Ufd1, the substrate-processing cofactors Ufd2 and Ufd3, the ubiquitin-ligase Ufd4, the proteasome regulator Ufd5 (a), the proteasome (b), the deubiquitinating cofactor Otu1 (c), the ERAD component Der1 (c), and the deubiquitinating enzyme Doa4 (e) show normal macroautophagy rates. Overexpression of ubiquitin-K29A, -K48A, and -I44A did not interfere with macroautophagy (d).
Figure 2.

The ubiquitin–proteasome system is dispensable for macroautophagy. The autophagic rate was determined as in Fig. 1. Mutants defective in the Cdc48 substrate-recruiting cofactor Ufd1, the substrate-processing cofactors Ufd2 and Ufd3, the ubiquitin-ligase Ufd4, the proteasome regulator Ufd5 (a), the proteasome (b), the deubiquitinating cofactor Otu1 (c), the ERAD component Der1 (c), and the deubiquitinating enzyme Doa4 (e) show normal macroautophagy rates. Overexpression of ubiquitin-K29A, -K48A, and -I44A did not interfere with macroautophagy (d).

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