Addition of TNF-α to in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes induces the withdrawal of desmin, β-catenin, desmoplakin, and connexin 43 from the ID structure. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with TNF-α for the indicated time periods (b, d, f, and h). Cells were immunostained for desmin (a and b), desmoplakin (c and d), connexin 43 (e and f), and β-catenin (g and h) and analyzed by confocal microscopy. The arrow indicates the presence of desmin at IDs in the control culture. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Bars, 10 μm.