Alum OVA model and CpG immunotherapy. (A) 24 h after instillation of 20 μg of CpG and 3 μg OVA-AF488, LLNs were harvested and analyzed. Histograms illustrate expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, and CD86) on Ag⁺ monocytes and migratory DCs in the LLN. (B) Alum OVA model. Flow plots illustrate gating strategy for eosinophils in the BAL. Graph bar, OVA-specific IgE production after alum OVA ± pretreatment with CpG and OVA. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, mean ± SEM, one-way ordinary ANOVA, with post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison test (B).