ATL2 and ATL3, but not ATL1, accumulate at three-way junctions in cultured non-neuronal cells. (A) Donor and acceptor liposomes bearing wild-type ATL1 or ATL1 (K80A) at a protein/lipid ratio of 1:1,000 were mixed and incubated in the absence or presence of GTP. Fusion is represented as the percentage of total NBD fluorescence. Data represent the mean ± SEM (error bars; n = 3). n refers to the number of independent experiments. *P < 0.05, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (B) COS7 cells were transfected with genes encoding EGFP-conjugated human atlastins, and the intracellular localizations of these proteins were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (left). PDI, an ER-resident protein, was visualized using an anti-PDI antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 594 and used as an ER marker. Scale bar: 5 μm. The expression of EGFP-tagged human atlastins was analyzed by immunoblotting (right). GAPDH was used as a loading control. Source data are available for this figure: SourceData F3.