Table 1. Intratumoral cDC1 signatures... | Rockefeller University Press

Table 1.

Intratumoral cDC1 signatures and disease outcomes in human cancer patients

Cancer type	Correlation observed between the presence of cDC1 signature in TME and favorable outcome	Dataset(s) utilized	Reference(s)
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023) TCGA (Gu et al., 2020), own cohort (Magen et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023), Gu et al. (2020), and Magen et al. (2023)
Bladder cancer	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Prostate adenocarcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Adrenocortical carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Lung squamous cell carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Lung adenocarcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (López et al., 2024; Böttcher et al., 2018), TCGA (Broz et al., 2014; Gu et al., 2020)	Régnier et al. (2023), López et al. (2024), Böttcher et al. (2018) and Gu et al. (2020), Broz et al. (2014)
Non–small-cell lung cancer	Positive correlation	Own cohort (Wang et al., 2024b)	Wang et al. (2024b)
Mesothelioma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Malignant pleural mesothelioma	Positive correlation	Own cohort (Espinosa-Carrasco et al., 2024)	Espinosa-Carrasco et al. (2024)
Sarcoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Skin cutaneous melanoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (Spranger et al., 2017; Barry et al., 2018; Böttcher et al., 2018; Lei et al., 2023; Ghislat et al., 2021; Cueto et al., 2021; Gu et al., 2020; Heras-Murillo et al., 2025; De León-Rodríguez et al., 2024), own cohort (Gobbini et al., 2025; Yang et al., 2025)	Régnier et al. (2023), Spranger et al. (2017), Barry et al. (2018), Böttcher et al. (2018), Lei et al. (2023), Sosa Cuevas et al. (2020), Ghislat et al. (2021), Cueto et al. (2021), Gu et al. (2020), Heras-Murillo et al. (2025), Gobbini et al. (2025), and Yang et al. (2025)
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Cervical	Positive correlation	TCGA (Rotman et al., 2020; Cueto et al., 2021)	Rotman et al. (2020) and Cueto et al. (2021)
Ovarian	Positive correlation	TCGA (Mastelic-Gavillet et al., 2020)	Mastelic-Gavillet et al. (2020)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (Böttcher et al., 2018; Broz et al., 2014; Gu et al., 2020)	Régnier et al. (2023), Böttcher et al. (2018), Broz et al. (2014), and Gu et al. (2020)
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (Gu et al., 2020)	Régnier et al. (2023) and Gu et al. (2020)
Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA (Gu et al., 2020)	Gu et al. (2020)
Wilms tumor	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Breast cancer	Positive correlation + negative correlation	Positive correlation TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (Böttcher et al., 2018; Mattiuz et al., 2021; Broz et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2024c; Iwanowycz et al., 2021; Cueto et al., 2021; Heras-Murillo et al., 2025), TCGA (Hubert et al., 2020), the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast cancer International Consortium (Michea et al., 2018) Negative correlation TCGA (Iwanowycz et al., 2021)	Régnier et al. (2023), Böttcher et al. (2018) and Mattiuz et al. (2021), Michea et al. (2018), Broz et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2024c), Iwanowycz et al. (2021), Cueto et al. (2021), and Heras-Murillo et al. (2025)
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA (Mahadevan et al., 2024), own cohort (Plesca et al., 2022)	Mahadevan et al. (2024), Plesca et al. (2022)
Neuroblastoma	Positive correlation	Own cohort (Melaiu et al., 2020)	Melaiu et al. (2020)
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
HPV⁺ tonsillar cancer	Positive correlation	Own cohort (Jimenez et al., 2023)	Jimenez et al. (2023)
Uveal melanoma	Negative correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Cholangiocarcinoma	Negative correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Stomach adenocarcinoma	Negative correlation + positive correlation	Negative correlation TCGA (Han and Ju, 2024), TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023) Positive correlation (Han and Ju, 2024) Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) database and GEO	Régnier et al. (2023), Han and Ju (2024)

Cancer type	Correlation observed between the presence of cDC1 signature in TME and favorable outcome	Dataset(s) utilized	Reference(s)
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)TCGA (Gu et al., 2020), own cohort (Magen et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023), Gu et al. (2020), and Magen et al. (2023)
Bladder cancer	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Prostate adenocarcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Adrenocortical carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Lung squamous cell carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Lung adenocarcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (López et al., 2024; Böttcher et al., 2018), TCGA (Broz et al., 2014; Gu et al., 2020)	Régnier et al. (2023)López et al. (2024)Böttcher et al. (2018) and Gu et al. (2020)Broz et al. (2014)
Non–small-cell lung cancer	Positive correlation	Own cohort (Wang et al., 2024b)	Wang et al. (2024b)
Mesothelioma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Malignant pleural mesothelioma	Positive correlation	Own cohort (Espinosa-Carrasco et al., 2024)	Espinosa-Carrasco et al. (2024)
Sarcoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Skin cutaneous melanoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (Spranger et al., 2017; Barry et al., 2018; Böttcher et al., 2018; Lei et al., 2023; Ghislat et al., 2021; Cueto et al., 2021; Gu et al., 2020; Heras-Murillo et al., 2025; De León-Rodríguez et al., 2024), own cohort (Gobbini et al., 2025; Yang et al., 2025)	Régnier et al. (2023)Spranger et al. (2017)Barry et al. (2018)Böttcher et al. (2018)Lei et al. (2023)Sosa Cuevas et al. (2020), Ghislat et al. (2021), Cueto et al. (2021), Gu et al. (2020), Heras-Murillo et al. (2025), Gobbini et al. (2025), and Yang et al. (2025)
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Cervical	Positive correlation	TCGA (Rotman et al., 2020; Cueto et al., 2021)	Rotman et al. (2020) and Cueto et al. (2021)
Ovarian	Positive correlation	TCGA (Mastelic-Gavillet et al., 2020)	Mastelic-Gavillet et al. (2020)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (Böttcher et al., 2018; Broz et al., 2014; Gu et al., 2020)	Régnier et al. (2023)Böttcher et al. (2018), Broz et al. (2014), and Gu et al. (2020)
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (Gu et al., 2020)	Régnier et al. (2023) and Gu et al. (2020)
Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA (Gu et al., 2020)	Gu et al. (2020)
Wilms tumor	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Breast cancer	Positive correlation + negative correlation	Positive correlationTCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023), TCGA (Böttcher et al., 2018; Mattiuz et al., 2021; Broz et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2024c; Iwanowycz et al., 2021; Cueto et al., 2021; Heras-Murillo et al., 2025),TCGA (Hubert et al., 2020), the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast cancer International Consortium (Michea et al., 2018)Negative correlationTCGA (Iwanowycz et al., 2021)	Régnier et al. (2023)Böttcher et al. (2018) and Mattiuz et al. (2021)Michea et al. (2018)Broz et al. (2014)Wang et al. (2024c), Iwanowycz et al. (2021), Cueto et al. (2021), and Heras-Murillo et al. (2025)
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Positive correlation	TCGA (Mahadevan et al., 2024), own cohort (Plesca et al., 2022)	Mahadevan et al. (2024)Plesca et al. (2022)
Neuroblastoma	Positive correlation	Own cohort (Melaiu et al., 2020)	Melaiu et al. (2020)
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma	Positive correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
HPV⁺ tonsillar cancer	Positive correlation	Own cohort (Jimenez et al., 2023)	Jimenez et al. (2023)
Uveal melanoma	Negative correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Cholangiocarcinoma	Negative correlation	TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)	Régnier et al. (2023)
Stomach adenocarcinoma	Negative correlation + positive correlation	Negative correlationTCGA (Han and Ju, 2024),TCGA and TARGET (Régnier et al., 2023)Positive correlation (Han and Ju, 2024) Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) database and GEO	Régnier et al. (2023)Han and Ju (2024)

The following signatures and methodologies were used: Barry et al. (2018) utilized a stimulatory DC (CD103⁺ BDCA-3⁺) signature: KIT, CCR7, BATF3, FLT3, ZBTB46, IRF8, BTLA, MYCL1.

Böttcher et al. (2018) utilized a cDC1 signature: CLEC9A, XCR1, CLNK, BATF3.

Broz et al. (2014) utilized a signature based on CD103⁺/CD103⁻ gene ratio signature.

Cueto et al. (2021) utilized a CCL5/CCR5 and FLT3L signature.

De León-Rodríguez et al. (2024) utilized a cDC1 signature: CD11c, HLADR, BDCA3.

Espinosa-Carrasco et al. (2024) utilized CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell and CD11c⁺ APC triads.

Ghislat et al. (2021) demonstrated prognostic implications of NF-κB/IRF1 activation of cDC1: BATF3, CLNK, CLEC9A, XCR1, IRF1, NFKB1, IKBKB.

Gobbini et al. (2025) demonstrated colocalization of XCR1⁺ cDC1 and CD8⁺ T cells.

Gu et al. (2020) utilized a cDC1 signature: THBD, CLEC9A.

Han and Ju (2024) utilized a cDC1 signature: THBD, XCR1, CLEC9A, CADM1, BTLA, and a higher cDC1 signature associated with favorable outcome in patients with advanced disease treated with chemotherapy/ICB.

Heras-Murillo et al. (2025) utilized a cDC1 signature: CLNK, BATF3, XCR1, and CLEC9A.

Hubert et al. (2020) utilized a cDC1 signature: CLEC9A, XCR1.

Iwanowycz et al. (2021) utilized a cDC1 signature: XCR1, CLEC9A, BATF3, and reported dependence on immune contexture for cDC1 prognostic value. In lymphocyte-depleted BRCA tumors, a negative correlation for cDC1 signature levels was observed. In IFNγ dominant tumors, a positive correlation was observed.

Jimenez et al. (2023) utilized a cDC1 signature: CLEC9A, CLNK, XCR1.

Wang et al. (2024b) utilized a STING-activated cDC1 signature (XCR1⁺ STING⁺ CXCL9⁺) in neoadjuvant-treated chemotherapy and anti-PD1–treated patients.

Lei et al. (2023) utilized the presence of cDC1 helped signature: ACHE, ACTB, ACTG1, ADAM19, AL357060.1, ANKLE2, ANTXR2, ANXA6, APOBEC3G, APOL1, APOL2, APOL3, ARAP2, ARHGAP22, ARID5A, ARL8B, ARNTL2, ARRB2, ATF5, ATG3, B2M, BASP1, BAZ1A, BCL2A1, BCL2L14, BIRC3, BLVRA, BST2, BZW1, C3orf14, CALHM6, CCL19, CCL5, CCR7, CD200, CD274, CD40, CD83, CD86, CDKN1A, CELF2, CEP135, CFLAR, CLIC2, CLPTM1, CNTLN, COA1, CREG1, CTSS, CUL1, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL9, CYB5A, DAPP1, DEPP1, DHX58, DNAJA1, DNAJB6, DNAJC15, DST, DTX3L, DUSP1, DUSP22, DUSP4, DYNLT1, EBI3, EEF1A1, EHD1, EIF1, ENTHD1, EPSTI1, ERGIC1, ERICH1, ETV7, FAM129A, FAM177A1, FAM241A, FAM49A, FAS, FBXO6, FGD2, FLT3, FNBP1, FSCN1, G3BP2, GADD45B, GBP1, GBP2, GBP4, GBP5, GCSAM, GPR132, GRSF1, HAPLN3, HES4, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DOB, HLA-E, HLA-F, HMSD, ICAM1, ID2, IDO1, IER3, IFI35, IFIH1, IFNGR2, IL15, IL15RA, IL18BP, IL2RA, IL32, IL4I1, IL6R, IRF1, IRF2, IRF7, IRF8, ISG20, JUNB, KDM2B, KIF2A, LACTB, LAD1, LAMP3, LAP3, LGMN, LITAF, LMNB1, LSP1, LY75, MAFF, MALAT1, MAP3K13, MARCKS, MARCKSL1, MCL1, MGLL, MIR155HG, MSRB1, MT2A, MVP, MYL6, MYO1G, N4BP2L1, NAA25, NCCRP1, NCOA7, NDE1, NECAP2, NECTIN2, NFKB1, NFKBIA, NMI, NUB1, ODF3B, OPTN, OSBPL9, PARP12, PARP14, PARP9, PCGF5, PFN1, PIAS1, PML, PNRC1, POGLUT1, POMP, PPA1, PPP1R18, PRRG4, PSD3, PSMA2, PSMB10, PSMB8, PSMB9, PSME1, PSME2, PTK2B, PTPN1, RAB10, RAB29, RAB8B, RAB9A, RALB, RARRES3, RASSF4, RCN1, RDX, RELB, RFTN1, RGS1, RHOF, RIPK2, RNF115, RNF213, RRAGC, RSU1, SAMD9L, SAMSN1, SAT1, SECTM1, SERPINB1, SERPINB6, SERPINB9, SINHCAF, SLAMF7, SLC31A2, SLCO5A1, SMCO4, SMS, SNN, SNX11, SOCS1, SOCS3, SOD2, SPPL2A, SRGN, SRI, ST3GAL5, STAT1, STAT3, STOM, SUB1, SYNGR2, SYNPO2, TAGLN2, TAP1, TAP2, TAPBP, TBC1D4, TBCB, THEMIS2, TMSB10, TNFAIP2, TNFAIP3, TNIP1, TNIP2, TRADD, TRAF1, TRAFD1, TRIP10, TSPAN13, TSPAN15, TSPAN33, TUBA1C, TUBB, TUBB2A, TUBB4B, TVP23A, TXN, TYMP, U62317.2, UBB, UBD, UBE2E2, UBE2F, UBE2L6, VAC14, VAMP5, VOPP1, WARS, YBX3, ZFAS1, ZFP36L1, ZNFX1.

López et al. (2024) utilized a cDC1 signature: BATF3, IRF8, THBD, CLEC9A, XCR1.

Magen et al. (2023) utilized PD-1⁺ CD8⁺ T cells, CXCL13⁺ Th cells, and mregDC (DC-LAMP⁺) triads.

Mahadevan et al. (2024) utilized BATF3, XCR1, CLEC9A, CADM1.

Mastelic-Gavillet et al. (2020) utilized a CLEC9A signature.

Mattiuz et al. (2021) used a cDC1 signature: CLEC9A, CLNK, XCR1.

Melaiu et al. (2020) utilized a THBD signature.

Michea et al. (2018) utilized a cDC1-enriched signature.

Plesca et al. (2022) utilized CLEC9A staining and IHC techniques.

Régnier et al. (2023) utilized a cDC1 signature: CD38, ST7, RUFY3, PARP3, LIMA1, ASNS, AP3M2, PAFAH1B3, CPNE3, TMEM14A, LGMN, CCNB1IP1, CST3, NME4, NCALD, CPVL, IFT20, CCND1, CCDC86, HPS5, PPM1H, SNX3, EEF1B2, CD207, OSBPL9, HSDL2, ECHDC2, PDCD2L, APOL3, CYP2E1, IDO1, PPT1, PTPRE, TCEAL4, GYPC, TPMT, RAB30, NAAA, SLC46A3, OCIAD2, PPM1J, KIT, TSPAN33, CSRP1, ACP6, AIM2, DNASE1L3, TLR3, VCP, GPT2, SPINT2, SERPINF2, TAP1, PTK2, XCR1, NET1, TLR10, UCP2, BASP1, ZNF366, THBD, DCTPP1, SLC9A9, CADM1, TACSTD2, BTLA, KATNA1, PLCD1, FNBP1, IDO2, ENPP1, DPP4, CLEC9A, UVRAG, TOX, TAP2, HMGN1, GOLGA8B, NME1, HLA-DOB.

Rotman et al. (2020) utilized cDC1 score: BATF3, XCR1, CLEC9A, CLNK.

Sosa Cuevas et al. (2020) utilized a cDC1 signature in peripheral circulation for Lin⁻ HLADR⁺ CD11c⁺ BDCA1⁺ assessed via flow cytometry.

Spranger et al. (2017) utilized BATF3, IRF8, THBD, CLEC9A, and XCR1.

Wang et al. (2024c) utilized a high MHC signature (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DMA, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-E) coupled to XCR1.

Yang et al. (2025) utilized a mregDC signature in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ICB.

TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; TARGET, Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments.

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