Clinical and genetic characteristics of the individuals in our cohort
| Patient | Gender | Ethnic background | COPA mutation | STING haplotype status | Age at last evaluation (years) | Age at onset | Clinical presentation | Kidney function | Chest CT/CXR (age) | PFT (age) | AutoAbsa | IFN score (age) | Chronic immunosuppressive treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1.PII.2 | F | Caucasian | D243N | Non-HAQ | 39 | - | Asymptomatic | Normal | Normal CXR (36) | NA | Negative | Negative (30) | None |
| F1.PIII.1 | F | Caucasian | D243N | Non-HAQ | 19 | 2.5 | ILD and arthralgias | Normal | Cystic lung disease | Lung restriction | ANA and RF | Positive | Steroids, MMF, rituximab, and bari |
| F2.PII.2 | F | Caucasian | R233H | Non-HAQ | 42 | - | Asymptomatic | Normal | Normal CT (35) | Normal (35) | Negative | Minimally positive (35) | None |
| F2.PIII.1 | F | Caucasian | R233H | Non-HAQ | 19 | 2 | Recurrent AH | Normal | Ground glass opacities and cysts | Lung restriction | ANA and RF | Positive | Cyclophosphamide, MMF, AZA, anti-IL1, and ruxo |
| F3.PII.4 | M | Caucasian | R233H | HAQ | 61 | 50 | Membranous glomerulonephritis | Abnormal | Normal | Normal | NAb | Positive | HCQ |
| F3.PIII.2 | F | Caucasian | R233H | HAQ | 46 | - | Asymptomatic | Normal | Normal CT (39) | Normal (39) | Negative | Negative (39) | None |
| F3.PIII.3 | M | Caucasian | R233H | HAQ | 50 | - | Asymptomatic | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | None |
| F3.PIII.5 | F | Caucasian | R233H | Non-HAQ | 25 | 10 | AH, arthritis and glomerulonephritis | Kidney Tx | Pulmonary hemosiderosis | Normal | Negative | Positive | Steroids, cyclophosphamide, MMF, and kidney Tx |
| F3.PIII.7 | M | Caucasian | R233H | Non-HAQ | 30 | - | Asymptomatic | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | None |
| F3.PIV.1 | M | Caucasian | R233H | Non-HAQ | 21 | 1 | AH and arthralgias | Normal | Alveolar condensation | NA | ANA, MPO | Positive | Steroids, MMF, AZA, rituximab, and ruxo |
| F3.PIV.2c | F | Caucasian | R233H | HAQ | 18 | - | Vitiligo | Normal | Normal CT (11) | Normal (11) | NA | NA | None |
| F4.PI.2 | F | Caucasian | H199R | Non-HAQ | 39 | - | Asymptomatic | Normal | Normal CT (37) | Normal (37) | Negative | Minimally positive (36) | None |
| F4.PII.1 | F | Caucasian | H199R | Non-HAQ | 4 | 0 | Prematurity and interstitial lung disease | Normal | Ground glass opacities and cysts | NA | NA | Positive | Steroids and ruxo |
| F5.PI.1 | M | Caucasian | R281W | Non-HAQ | 43 | - | Asymptomatic | Normal | Normal CT (43) | Normal (43) | NA | NA | None |
| F5.PII.1 | F | Caucasian | R281W | Non-HAQ | 6.5 | 4 | Polyarthritis | Normal | Normal | NA | ANA, anti-CCP, and RF | Positive | MTX and adalimumab |
| F6.P1 | M | North African | R233H | Non-HAQ | 31 (deceased) | 7 | ILD and polyarthritis | Normal | Honeycombing and ground glass opacities | Lung obstruction and restriction | ANA, anti-RNP, and ANCA | Positive | Steroids, HCQ, and lung Tx |
| F7.P1 | F | Caucasian | Q285H | Non-HAQ | 20 | 6 | Polyarthritis | Normal | Normal | Normal | RF and anti-CCP | Positive | MTX and rituximab |
| F8.P1 | F | Caucasian | E241D | Non-HAQ | 59 | 14 | ILD, polyarthritis, and chilblains | Normal | Honeycombing and ground glass opacities | Lung obstruction and restriction | ANA, MPO, and anti-RNP | Positive | MTX, leflunomide, AZA, rituximab, tocilizumab, MMF, HCQ, and bari |
| F9.P1 | F | North African | V242G | Non-HAQ | 31 | 8 | ILD and polyarthritis | Normal | Cysts and ground glass opacities | Lung obstruction and restriction | ANA and MPO | Positive | Steroids, MTX, AZA, tocilizumab, infliximab, etanercept, and filgotinib |
| F10.P1 | F | NA | R8281W and mosaic | Non-HAQ | 19 | 4 | Glomerulonephritis and ILD | Glomerulonephritis | Ground glass opacities | Isolated decrease of DLCO | ANA and MPO | Positive | Steroids, AZA, and rituximab |
| F11.P1 | M | NA | R233H and mosaic | Non-HAQ | 18 | 4 | ILD and polyarthritis | Normal | Cysts and ground glass opacities | Lung obstruction and restriction | RF and anti-CCP | Positive | MTX, adalimumab, and bari |
| F12.P1 | M | NA | E241K | Non-HAQ | 1 | 0.1 | ILD | Normal | Ground glass opacities | NA | MPO | Positive | Bari |
| F13.P1 | F | North African | R233H | Non-HAQ | 10 | 1 | ILD and arthralgias | Normal | Honeycombing and cysts | Lung restriction | ANA | Positive | HCQ and ruxo |
| Patient | Gender | Ethnic background | COPA mutation | STING haplotype status | Age at last evaluation (years) | Age at onset | Clinical presentation | Kidney function | Chest CT/CXR (age) | PFT (age) | AutoAbs | IFN score (age) | Chronic immunosuppressive treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1.PIII.1 | F | Caucasian | D243N | Non-HAQ | 19 | 2.5 | ILD and arthralgias | Normal | Cystic lung disease | Lung restriction | ANA and RF | Positive | Steroids, MMF, rituximab, and bari |
| - | |||||||||||||
| F2.PIII.1 | F | Caucasian | R233H | Non-HAQ | 19 | 2 | Recurrent AH | Normal | Ground glass opacities and cysts | Lung restriction | ANA and RF | Positive | Cyclophosphamide, MMF, AZA, anti-IL1, and ruxo |
| F3.PII.4 | M | Caucasian | R233H | HAQ | 61 | 50 | Membranous glomerulonephritis | Abnormal | Normal | Normal | NA | Positive | HCQ |
| - | |||||||||||||
| - | |||||||||||||
| F3.PIII.5 | F | Caucasian | R233H | Non-HAQ | 25 | 10 | AH, arthritis and glomerulonephritis | Kidney Tx | Pulmonary hemosiderosis | Normal | Negative | Positive | Steroids, cyclophosphamide, MMF, and kidney Tx |
| - | |||||||||||||
| F3.PIV.1 | M | Caucasian | R233H | Non-HAQ | 21 | 1 | AH and arthralgias | Normal | Alveolar condensation | NA | ANA, MPO | Positive | Steroids, MMF, AZA, rituximab, and ruxo |
| F3.PIV.2 | F | Caucasian | R233H | HAQ | 18 | - | Vitiligo | Normal | Normal CT (11) | Normal (11) | NA | NA | None |
| - | |||||||||||||
| F4.PII.1 | F | Caucasian | H199R | Non-HAQ | 4 | 0 | Prematurity and interstitial lung disease | Normal | Ground glass opacities and cysts | NA | NA | Positive | Steroids and ruxo |
| - | |||||||||||||
| F5.PII.1 | F | Caucasian | R281W | Non-HAQ | 6.5 | 4 | Polyarthritis | Normal | Normal | NA | ANA, anti-CCP, and RF | Positive | MTX and adalimumab |
| F6.P1 | M | North African | R233H | Non-HAQ | 31 (deceased) | 7 | ILD and polyarthritis | Normal | Honeycombing and ground glass opacities | Lung obstruction and restriction | ANA, anti-RNP, and ANCA | Positive | Steroids, HCQ, and lung Tx |
| F7.P1 | F | Caucasian | Q285H | Non-HAQ | 20 | 6 | Polyarthritis | Normal | Normal | Normal | RF and anti-CCP | Positive | MTX and rituximab |
| F8.P1 | F | Caucasian | E241D | Non-HAQ | 59 | 14 | ILD, polyarthritis, and chilblains | Normal | Honeycombing and ground glass opacities | Lung obstruction and restriction | ANA, MPO, and anti-RNP | Positive | MTX, leflunomide, AZA, rituximab, tocilizumab, MMF, HCQ, and bari |
| F9.P1 | F | North African | V242G | Non-HAQ | 31 | 8 | ILD and polyarthritis | Normal | Cysts and ground glass opacities | Lung obstruction and restriction | ANA and MPO | Positive | Steroids, MTX, AZA, tocilizumab, infliximab, etanercept, and filgotinib |
| F10.P1 | F | NA | R8281W and mosaic | Non-HAQ | 19 | 4 | Glomerulonephritis and ILD | Glomerulonephritis | Ground glass opacities | Isolated decrease of DLCO | ANA and MPO | Positive | Steroids, AZA, and rituximab |
| F11.P1 | M | NA | R233H and mosaic | Non-HAQ | 18 | 4 | ILD and polyarthritis | Normal | Cysts and ground glass opacities | Lung obstruction and restriction | RF and anti-CCP | Positive | MTX, adalimumab, and bari |
| F12.P1 | M | NA | E241K | Non-HAQ | 1 | 0.1 | ILD | Normal | Ground glass opacities | NA | MPO | Positive | Bari |
| F13.P1 | F | North African | R233H | Non-HAQ | 10 | 1 | ILD and arthralgias | Normal | Honeycombing and cysts | Lung restriction | ANA | Positive | HCQ and ruxo |
Asymptomatic patients are highlighted in italicized font.
AH, alveolar hemorrhage; ANA, antinuclear antibodies; AZA, azathioprine; Bari, baricitinib; CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptide; F, female; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; IL1, interleukin-1; ILD, interstitial lung disease; M, male; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPO, myeloperoxidase; MTX, methotrexate; NA, not assessed; PFT, pulmonary function test; RF, rheumatoid factor; RNP, ribonucleoprotein; Ruxo, ruxolitinib; Tx, transplantation; ACNA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; CXR, chest X-ray; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide.
AutoAbs refer to ANA, RF, anti-CCP, and ANCA.
F3.PII.4 was only tested for anti-PLA2R antibodies that were negative.
The disease status of F3.PIV.2, manifesting vitiligo in the absence of other disease features at age 18 years, was considered uncertain and was not included in our further analysis.
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