Table 1. Lipid metabolism at MAM and... | Rockefeller University Press

Table 1.

Lipid metabolism at MAM and potential seipin interactors: example enzymes, lipid transfer proteins, and lipoprotein assembly that may localize at MAM and MAM organelles (Vance, 2014; Guyard et al., 2022; Yeo et al., 2021; Monteiro-Cardoso and Giordano, 2024; Bui et al., 2026; Fugio et al., 2020; Harned et al., 2023; Rone et al., 2009; Freyre et al., 2019)

Category	Lipid/function	Example proteins	MAM role
Phospholipids	PS, PE, PC, PA	PSS1/2, PEMT, PSD, ORP5/8, VPS13A, PTPIP51	PS synthesis, PS-PE conversion, PE-PC methylation, interorganelle lipid transfer
TAG/neutral lipids	TAG, DAG, FAs	DGAT2, lipin-1, SCD1, FATP4, ACSL4	TAG biosynthesis, FA desaturation and activation; localized at MAM
Sphingolipids	Ceramide	CerS2/6, CERT, SPT	Ceramide synthesis and ER–Golgi transport
Ether lipids	Plasmalogens	GNPAT, AGPS, FAR1, MFF, PEX16	Ether lipid synthesis and peroxisome–MAM lipid exchange
Cholesterol and derivatives	Cholesterol, esters, oxysterols	ACAT1/2, STARD1/3/5, GRAMD1s, ORP5/8, CH25H, CYP11A1	Sterol metabolism and steroid biosynthesis
Lipid transfer and tethering	Multiple lipid types	VPS13A/C, PDZD8, Mfn2, MIGA2, VAPs	ER–mitochondria–LD lipid flow and organelle tethering; MIGA2 tethers mitochondria, ER, and LDs to promote lipid trafficking
Lipoprotein assembly	ApoB-containing lipoproteins	ApoB, MTP, SURF4, TMEM24	ApoB scaffold and VLDL assembly; MTP transfers TAG and cholesteryl esters to ApoB; SURF4 facilitates ApoB exit; TMEM24 is a potential phospholipid transporter

Category	Lipid/function	Example proteins	MAM role
Phospholipids	PS, PE, PC, PA	PSS1/2, PEMT, PSD, ORP5/8, VPS13A, PTPIP51	PS synthesis, PS-PE conversion, PE-PC methylation, interorganelle lipid transfer
TAG/neutral lipids	TAG, DAG, FAs	DGAT2, lipin-1, SCD1, FATP4, ACSL4	TAG biosynthesis, FA desaturation and activation; localized at MAM
Sphingolipids	Ceramide	CerS2/6, CERT, SPT	Ceramide synthesis and ER–Golgi transport
Ether lipids	Plasmalogens	GNPAT, AGPS, FAR1, MFF, PEX16	Ether lipid synthesis and peroxisome–MAM lipid exchange
Cholesterol and derivatives	Cholesterol, esters, oxysterols	ACAT1/2, STARD1/3/5, GRAMD1s, ORP5/8, CH25H, CYP11A1	Sterol metabolism and steroid biosynthesis
Lipid transfer and tethering	Multiple lipid types	VPS13A/C, PDZD8, Mfn2, MIGA2, VAPs	ER–mitochondria–LD lipid flow and organelle tethering; MIGA2 tethers mitochondria, ER, and LDs to promote lipid trafficking
Lipoprotein assembly	ApoB-containing lipoproteins	ApoB, MTP, SURF4, TMEM24	ApoB scaffold and VLDL assembly; MTP transfers TAG and cholesteryl esters to ApoB; SURF4 facilitates ApoB exit; TMEM24 is a potential phospholipid transporter

PE, phosphatidylethanolamine.

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