Risk of WNVF or WNVD in subjects carrying auto-Abs neutralizing specific sets of type I IFNs, relative to the general population, with adjustment for age and sex and risk of WNVD by age group
| Anti–type I IFN auto-Ab (amount of type I IFN neutralized, in plasma diluted 1:10) . | . | New cohort . | Overall cohort . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WNV group . | OR [95% CI] . | P value . | OR [95% CI] . | P value . | |
| Anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVF | 1.6 [0.3–7.8] | 0.6 | 5.8 [3.3–10.1] | 5.0 × 10−7 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVF | 0.7 [0.1–11.8] | 0.8 | 5 [2.3–9.9] | 1.5 × 10−4 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVF | 1.0 [0.2–5.2] | 1.0 | 4.3 [2.6–7.3] | 4.1 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 1.12 [0.2–5.6] | 0.9 | 4.7 [2.8–7.9] | 1.4 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 1.6 [0.1–26.4] | 0.8 | 8.7 [4–19.1] | 2.1 × 10−5 |
| Anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVF | 2.5 [0.2–39.8] | 0.6 | 12.8 [6–27.5] | 1.2 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVF | 2.4 [0.1–39.1] | 0.6 | 12.1 [5.6–26.2] | 2 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVF | 0.8 [0.1–13.4] | 0.9 | 5.7 [2.9–11.3] | 5.3 × 10−5 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 1.5 [0.1–24.4] | 0.8 | 10.0 [5.1–19.8] | 4.4 × 10−7 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 6.2 [0.4–101.9] | 0.3 | 22.5 [9–56.1] | 1.8 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 3.0 [0.2–50.6] | 0.5 | 14.0 [5.7–34] | 6.1 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVD (all) | 22.6 [16.2–31.2] | <10−16 | 23.4 [18.8–29.3] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 32 [17–59.9] | <10−16 | 26 [17–39.6] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 27.7 [18.3–41.9] | <10−16 | 26.9 [20.4–35.5] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVD (all) | 24.5 [17.3–34.5] | <10−16 | 27.2 [21.5–34.4] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 89.2 [43.9–181.3] | <10−16 | 66.3 [38.1–115.4] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 21.8 [14.4–32.8] | <10−16 | 24.7 [18.9–32.4] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 17.4 [12.7–23.7] | <10−16 | 17.4 [14.1–21.4] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 27.9 [16.3–47.8] | <10−16 | 19.2 [13.2–27.9] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 17.8 [11.9–26.4] | <10−16 | 19 [14.5–24.6] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 18.7 [13.8–23.4] | <10−16 | 18.9 [15.4–23.1] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 36.6 [21.1–63.6] | <10−16 | 24.5 [16.7–36.0] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 19.8 [13.4–29.3] | <10−16 | 20.8 [16.2–26.9] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 41.7 [27.9–62.2] | <10−16 | 49.7 [37–67.1] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 426.4 [114.5–1,587.9] | <10−16 | 300 [106.5–845] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 38.3 [24.3–60.2] | <10−16 | 40.5 [29.3–56] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVD (all) | 52.9 [36–77.5] | <10−16 | 57.1 [43.5–75] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 162 [75.2–348.8] | <10−16 | 138.9 [81.7–236] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 43.7 [28.3–67.4] | <10−16 | 42 [31–57] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVD (all) | 51.1 [35–74.4] | <10−16 | 63.1 [48.6–81.8] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 300.2 [137.4–665.1] | <10−16 | 213.7 [117.6–388.6] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 37.4 [24.5–57.2] | <10−16 | 46.9 [35.3–62.3] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 28.8 [20–41.4] | <10−16 | 31.2 [23.9–40.7] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 60.3 [30.1–120.8] | <10−16 | 44.4 [26.7–74] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 25.8 [16.8–39.9] | <10−16 | 29 [21.2–39.6] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 38.4 [27.0–54.6] | <10−16 | 45.6 [36.1–57.6] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 172.1 [88.9–332.9] | <10−16 | 120.7 [75.5–192.9] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 28.8 [19.1–43.2] | <10−16 | 34.8 [26.7–45.3] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 104.6 [66.5–164.4] | <10−16 | 119.7 [83.8–171] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 548.2 [173.3–1,733.9] | <10−16 | 538.2 [208.1–1,391.8] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 80 [49.1–130.5] | <10−16 | 80.8 [55.4–117.8] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 57.2 [34.1–95.8] | <10−16 | 77.5 [50.5–118.9] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 1,730.9 [92.4–32,443.2] | 2.2 × 10−16 | 1,517 [91.5–25,181.1] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 45.2 [26.2–78.1] | <10−16 | 55.3 [35.7–85.5] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 347.7 [18.9–6,381.4] | 5.9 × 10−9 | 173.0 [10.0–3,002.8] | 4.9 × 10−10 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 200.2 [9.4–4,270.8] | 7.9 × 10−5 | 74.0 [3.5–1,559.6] | 9 × 10−4 | |
| WNVD >65 | 177.2 [9.0–3,497.7] | 1.1 × 10−5 | 116.8 [6.6–2,063.7] | 1.1 × 10−7 | |
| Anti–type I IFN auto-Ab (amount of type I IFN neutralized, in plasma diluted 1:10) . | . | New cohort . | Overall cohort . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WNV group . | OR [95% CI] . | P value . | OR [95% CI] . | P value . | |
| Anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVF | 1.6 [0.3–7.8] | 0.6 | 5.8 [3.3–10.1] | 5.0 × 10−7 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVF | 0.7 [0.1–11.8] | 0.8 | 5 [2.3–9.9] | 1.5 × 10−4 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVF | 1.0 [0.2–5.2] | 1.0 | 4.3 [2.6–7.3] | 4.1 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 1.12 [0.2–5.6] | 0.9 | 4.7 [2.8–7.9] | 1.4 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 1.6 [0.1–26.4] | 0.8 | 8.7 [4–19.1] | 2.1 × 10−5 |
| Anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVF | 2.5 [0.2–39.8] | 0.6 | 12.8 [6–27.5] | 1.2 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVF | 2.4 [0.1–39.1] | 0.6 | 12.1 [5.6–26.2] | 2 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVF | 0.8 [0.1–13.4] | 0.9 | 5.7 [2.9–11.3] | 5.3 × 10−5 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 1.5 [0.1–24.4] | 0.8 | 10.0 [5.1–19.8] | 4.4 × 10−7 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 6.2 [0.4–101.9] | 0.3 | 22.5 [9–56.1] | 1.8 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVF | 3.0 [0.2–50.6] | 0.5 | 14.0 [5.7–34] | 6.1 × 10−6 |
| Anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVD (all) | 22.6 [16.2–31.2] | <10−16 | 23.4 [18.8–29.3] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 32 [17–59.9] | <10−16 | 26 [17–39.6] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 27.7 [18.3–41.9] | <10−16 | 26.9 [20.4–35.5] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVD (all) | 24.5 [17.3–34.5] | <10−16 | 27.2 [21.5–34.4] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 89.2 [43.9–181.3] | <10−16 | 66.3 [38.1–115.4] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 21.8 [14.4–32.8] | <10−16 | 24.7 [18.9–32.4] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 17.4 [12.7–23.7] | <10−16 | 17.4 [14.1–21.4] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 27.9 [16.3–47.8] | <10−16 | 19.2 [13.2–27.9] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 17.8 [11.9–26.4] | <10−16 | 19 [14.5–24.6] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 18.7 [13.8–23.4] | <10−16 | 18.9 [15.4–23.1] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 36.6 [21.1–63.6] | <10−16 | 24.5 [16.7–36.0] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 19.8 [13.4–29.3] | <10−16 | 20.8 [16.2–26.9] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (100 pg/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 41.7 [27.9–62.2] | <10−16 | 49.7 [37–67.1] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 426.4 [114.5–1,587.9] | <10−16 | 300 [106.5–845] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 38.3 [24.3–60.2] | <10−16 | 40.5 [29.3–56] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVD (all) | 52.9 [36–77.5] | <10−16 | 57.1 [43.5–75] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 162 [75.2–348.8] | <10−16 | 138.9 [81.7–236] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 43.7 [28.3–67.4] | <10−16 | 42 [31–57] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) regardless of other type I IFNs neutralization | WNVD (all) | 51.1 [35–74.4] | <10−16 | 63.1 [48.6–81.8] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 300.2 [137.4–665.1] | <10−16 | 213.7 [117.6–388.6] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 37.4 [24.5–57.2] | <10−16 | 46.9 [35.3–62.3] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 28.8 [20–41.4] | <10−16 | 31.2 [23.9–40.7] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 60.3 [30.1–120.8] | <10−16 | 44.4 [26.7–74] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 25.8 [16.8–39.9] | <10−16 | 29 [21.2–39.6] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and/or anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 38.4 [27.0–54.6] | <10−16 | 45.6 [36.1–57.6] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 172.1 [88.9–332.9] | <10−16 | 120.7 [75.5–192.9] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 28.8 [19.1–43.2] | <10−16 | 34.8 [26.7–45.3] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 104.6 [66.5–164.4] | <10−16 | 119.7 [83.8–171] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 548.2 [173.3–1,733.9] | <10−16 | 538.2 [208.1–1,391.8] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 80 [49.1–130.5] | <10−16 | 80.8 [55.4–117.8] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (100 pg/ml) regardless of anti-IFN-β | WNVD (all) | 57.2 [34.1–95.8] | <10−16 | 77.5 [50.5–118.9] | <10−16 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 1,730.9 [92.4–32,443.2] | 2.2 × 10−16 | 1,517 [91.5–25,181.1] | <10−16 | |
| WNVD >65 | 45.2 [26.2–78.1] | <10−16 | 55.3 [35.7–85.5] | <10−16 | |
| Anti-IFN-α2 (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-ω (10 ng/ml) and anti-IFN-β (10 ng/ml) | WNVD (all) | 347.7 [18.9–6,381.4] | 5.9 × 10−9 | 173.0 [10.0–3,002.8] | 4.9 × 10−10 |
| WNVD ≤65 | 200.2 [9.4–4,270.8] | 7.9 × 10−5 | 74.0 [3.5–1,559.6] | 9 × 10−4 | |
| WNVD >65 | 177.2 [9.0–3,497.7] | 1.1 × 10−5 | 116.8 [6.6–2,063.7] | 1.1 × 10−7 | |
≤65 and >65 indicate age cutoffs, in years; anti-IFN-ω and anti-IFN-α2 indicate auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-ω or IFN-α2, respectively, regardless of their effects on other type I IFNs.