Table 2.
Mechanism of action for some of the best candidate fusogens
ProteinOrganismHomotypic/HeterotypicBilateral/UnilateralDependent on regulatorsTriggersReferences
HA Influenza virus Heterotypic Unilateral Receptors Low pH Reviewed in Kielian and Rey, 2006  
p14 Reptilian orthoreoviruses Heterotypic Unilateral Cholesterol, calcium ND Reviewed in Key and Duncan, 2014  
E1 Semliki Forest virus Heterotypic Unilateral Cholesterol Low pH Reviewed in Kielian and Rey, 2006  
vSNARES, tSNARES Eukaryotes and Archaea Heterotypic Bilateral Synaptotagmin, complexin, and others Docking Reviewed in Jahn and Scheller, 2006  
EFF-1 C. elegans; Nematodes Hetero/Homo Bilateral Dynamin, vATPase, PS ND Mohler et al., 2002; Shemer et al., 2004; Podbilewicz et al., 2006; Avinoam et al., 2011; Neumann et al., 2015  
Atlastins Eukaryotes Homotypic Bilateral Dimerization GTP hydrolysis (?) Reviewed in Hu and Rapoport, 2016  
Syncytins Placental mammals Heterotypic Unilateral Receptor, Anxs, PS Externalization of PS (?) Blond et al., 2000; Mi et al., 2000; Bjerregaard et al., 2006; Dupressoir et al., 2011; Søe et al., 2011  
HAP2/GCS1 Arabidopsis; plants Heterotypic Uni/Bi ND ND Valansi et al., 2017  
AFF-1 C. elegans; Nematodes Hetero/Homo Bilateral ND ND Sapir et al., 2007; Avinoam et al., 2011  
Myomaker M. musculus; Human Homotypic Bilateral Anxs, PS binding proteins PS exposure (?) Millay et al., 2013; Bi et al., 2017; Gamage et al., 2017; Quinn et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017a; Leikina et al., 2018  
Myomerger Heterotypic Unilateral 
HAP2/GCS1 T. thermophila; Trypanosomes Hetero/Homo Uni/Bi ND ND Pinello et al., 2017  
HAP2/GCS1 Chlamydomonas; Algae Heterotypic Unilateral ND ND Fédry et al., 2017  
ProteinOrganismHomotypic/HeterotypicBilateral/UnilateralDependent on regulatorsTriggersReferences
HA Influenza virus Heterotypic Unilateral Receptors Low pH Reviewed in Kielian and Rey, 2006  
p14 Reptilian orthoreoviruses Heterotypic Unilateral Cholesterol, calcium ND Reviewed in Key and Duncan, 2014  
E1 Semliki Forest virus Heterotypic Unilateral Cholesterol Low pH Reviewed in Kielian and Rey, 2006  
vSNARES, tSNARES Eukaryotes and Archaea Heterotypic Bilateral Synaptotagmin, complexin, and others Docking Reviewed in Jahn and Scheller, 2006  
EFF-1 C. elegans; Nematodes Hetero/Homo Bilateral Dynamin, vATPase, PS ND Mohler et al., 2002; Shemer et al., 2004; Podbilewicz et al., 2006; Avinoam et al., 2011; Neumann et al., 2015  
Atlastins Eukaryotes Homotypic Bilateral Dimerization GTP hydrolysis (?) Reviewed in Hu and Rapoport, 2016  
Syncytins Placental mammals Heterotypic Unilateral Receptor, Anxs, PS Externalization of PS (?) Blond et al., 2000; Mi et al., 2000; Bjerregaard et al., 2006; Dupressoir et al., 2011; Søe et al., 2011  
HAP2/GCS1 Arabidopsis; plants Heterotypic Uni/Bi ND ND Valansi et al., 2017  
AFF-1 C. elegans; Nematodes Hetero/Homo Bilateral ND ND Sapir et al., 2007; Avinoam et al., 2011  
Myomaker M. musculus; Human Homotypic Bilateral Anxs, PS binding proteins PS exposure (?) Millay et al., 2013; Bi et al., 2017; Gamage et al., 2017; Quinn et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017a; Leikina et al., 2018  
Myomerger Heterotypic Unilateral 
HAP2/GCS1 T. thermophila; Trypanosomes Hetero/Homo Uni/Bi ND ND Pinello et al., 2017  
HAP2/GCS1 Chlamydomonas; Algae Heterotypic Unilateral ND ND Fédry et al., 2017  

ND, not determined; ?, not confirmed.

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal