Table 1.
Summary of parameters and variables used in the finite element simulations
ParameterDefinitionParameter values
E, ν Elastic moduli of the cell E = 10 kPa, ν = 0.49 
Es Elastic modulus of the series element 2 MPa 
σc0 Isometric tension of contraction Neonate: 20 kPa; stem cell: 10 kPa 
γ Strain rate constant Neonate: −1.0 s−1; Stem cell: −0.5 s−1 
kmax Maximal value of cell substrate linkage constant 0.7 kPa/µm 
kcs(x,y) Cell substrate linkage constant 0.0 to ∼0.7 kPa/µm 
kcc Spring constant of cell substrate adhesion 0.01 to ∼0.05 kPa 
ρmax Maximal density of bound integrin 400 µm−2 
ρ(x,y) Density of bound integrin 0 to ∼400 µm−2 
T0 Traction stress threshold 0.65 to ∼1.0 kPa 
σc Contractile stress NA 
σx, σy, τxy Components of the stress tensor NA 
ux, uy Components of the displacement vector NA 
εx, εy, εxy Components of the strain tensor NA 
Tx, Ty Components of the traction stress NA 
ParameterDefinitionParameter values
E, ν Elastic moduli of the cell E = 10 kPa, ν = 0.49 
Es Elastic modulus of the series element 2 MPa 
σc0 Isometric tension of contraction Neonate: 20 kPa; stem cell: 10 kPa 
γ Strain rate constant Neonate: −1.0 s−1; Stem cell: −0.5 s−1 
kmax Maximal value of cell substrate linkage constant 0.7 kPa/µm 
kcs(x,y) Cell substrate linkage constant 0.0 to ∼0.7 kPa/µm 
kcc Spring constant of cell substrate adhesion 0.01 to ∼0.05 kPa 
ρmax Maximal density of bound integrin 400 µm−2 
ρ(x,y) Density of bound integrin 0 to ∼400 µm−2 
T0 Traction stress threshold 0.65 to ∼1.0 kPa 
σc Contractile stress NA 
σx, σy, τxy Components of the stress tensor NA 
ux, uy Components of the displacement vector NA 
εx, εy, εxy Components of the strain tensor NA 
Tx, Ty Components of the traction stress NA 
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