Table 1. Comparative drug treatment... | Rockefeller University Press

Table 1.

Comparative drug treatment impacts on Tbx1^neo2/neo2 hypoplastic thymic growth

Drugs		Tbx1^neo2/neo2 thymus growth in culture	Tbx1^neo2/neo2 hypoplastic thymus growth following drug administration in pregnant mice
Name (s)	Mechanism(s) of action	FTOC	E13–13.5 cell number^{^a}	E13–13.5 Mes/TEC ratio^{^b}	E17–17.5 cellularity^{^a}	E17–17.5 % DP/SP thymocytes^{^a}
Name (s)	Mechanism(s) of action	RTOC	E13–13.5 cell number^{^a}	E13–13.5 Mes/TEC ratio^{^b}	E17–17.5 cellularity^{^a}	E17–17.5 % DP/SP thymocytes^{^a}
Carrier (ETOH)	None	FTOC: −	+	Normal	+	++++
Carrier (ETOH)	None	RTOC: −	+	Normal	+	++++
Minoxidil	Blocks collagen production/cross-linking, vasodilator, stimulates PGE₂, and growth factors	FTOC: -	++++	No change	++++	++++
Minoxidil		RTOC: ++++^{^c}	++++	No change	++++	++++
PGE₂	Blocks collagen production, vasodilator, stimulates VEGF, and bFGF production	FTOC: ++	++++	No change	No effect	+++
PGE₂		RTOC: ++++	++++	No change	No effect	+++
BAPN	Lysyl oxidase inhibitor that blocks collagen cross-linking	FTOC: −	ND^{^e}	ND	ND	NA^{^f}
BAPN	Lysyl oxidase inhibitor that blocks collagen cross-linking	RTOC: −	ND^{^e}	ND	ND	NA^{^f}
Enalaprilat (in vitro)	Vasodilator by inhibiting ACE^{^d}	FTOC: +	+	No change	ND	ND
Enalaprilat (in vitro)	Vasodilator by inhibiting ACE^{^d}	RTOC: ++	+	No change	ND	ND
Enalapril (in vivo)	Vasodilator by inhibiting ACE^{^d}	NA	+	No change	ND	ND
Hydralazine	Vasodilator inhibits smooth muscle Ca²⁺ release	FTOC: −	NA	NA	NA	NA
Hydralazine	Vasodilator inhibits smooth muscle Ca²⁺ release	RTOC: −	NA	NA	NA	NA
Labetalol	α/β adrenergic receptor inhibitor	FTOC: +	ND	ND	ND	ND
Labetalol	α/β adrenergic receptor inhibitor	RTOC: ++	ND	ND	ND	ND
Nifedipine	Calcium channel blocker	FTOC: +	NA	NA	NA	NA
Nifedipine	Calcium channel blocker	RTOC: −	NA	NA	NA	NA

Drugs		Tbx1^neo2/neo2 thymus growth in culture	Tbx1^neo2/neo2 hypoplastic thymus growth following drug administration in pregnant mice
Name (s)	Mechanism(s) of action	FTOC	E13–13.5 cell number^a	E13–13.5 Mes/TEC ratio^b	E17–17.5 cellularity^a	E17–17.5 % DP/SP thymocytes^a
Name (s)	Mechanism(s) of action	RTOC	E13–13.5 cell number^a	E13–13.5 Mes/TEC ratio^b	E17–17.5 cellularity^a	E17–17.5 % DP/SP thymocytes^a
Carrier (ETOH)	None	FTOC: −	+	Normal	+	++++
Carrier (ETOH)	None	RTOC: −	+	Normal	+	++++
Minoxidil	Blocks collagen production/cross-linking, vasodilator, stimulates PGE₂, and growth factors	FTOC: -	++++	No change	++++	++++
Minoxidil		RTOC: ++++^c	++++	No change	++++	++++
PGE₂	Blocks collagen production, vasodilator, stimulates VEGF, and bFGF production	FTOC: ++	++++	No change	No effect	+++
PGE₂		RTOC: ++++	++++	No change	No effect	+++
BAPN	Lysyl oxidase inhibitor that blocks collagen cross-linking	FTOC: −	ND^e	ND	ND	NA^f
BAPN	Lysyl oxidase inhibitor that blocks collagen cross-linking	RTOC: −	ND^e	ND	ND	NA^f
Enalaprilat (in vitro)	Vasodilator by inhibiting ACE^d	FTOC: +	+	No change	ND	ND
Enalaprilat (in vitro)	Vasodilator by inhibiting ACE^d	RTOC: ++	+	No change	ND	ND
Enalapril (in vivo)	Vasodilator by inhibiting ACE^d	NA	+	No change	ND	ND
Hydralazine	Vasodilator inhibits smooth muscle Ca²⁺ release	FTOC: −	NA	NA	NA	NA
Hydralazine	Vasodilator inhibits smooth muscle Ca²⁺ release	RTOC: −	NA	NA	NA	NA
Labetalol	α/β adrenergic receptor inhibitor	FTOC: +	ND	ND	ND	ND
Labetalol	α/β adrenergic receptor inhibitor	RTOC: ++	ND	ND	ND	ND
Nifedipine	Calcium channel blocker	FTOC: +	NA	NA	NA	NA
Nifedipine	Calcium channel blocker	RTOC: −	NA	NA	NA	NA

bFGF, basic Fibroblast growth factor.

Cell number − = 0–10% of wild-type controls; ++ = 50–80% of wild-type controls; +++ = 60–80% wild-type controls; ++++ = 80–100% of wild-type controls.

Mesenchymal/TEC ratio.

Bold = growth restored.

ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme.

ND = not done.

NA = not applicable.

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