Distribution and functions of the migrasomes
| Cell types or tissues . | Contents . | Potential physiological and pathological roles . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| L929 cells NRK cells | Small vesicles Mitochondria mRNA | Packaged release and localized secretion of signaling proteins Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis Lateral transfer of materials | Jiao et al. (2021), (2024); Ma et al. (2015); Zhu et al. (2021) |
| Mouse monocytes | Small vesicles | Packaged release and targeted delivery of cytokines at inflammation sites | Jiao et al. (2024) |
| Mouse neutrophils | Mitochondria | Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis | Jiao et al. (2021) |
| Mouse macrophages | Small vesicles Mitochondria | Packaged release and localized secretion of signaling proteins Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis | Jiao et al. (2021); Ma et al. (2015) |
| Zebrafish embryos | Chemokines | Organ morphogenesis during zebrafish gastrulation | Jiang et al. (2019) |
| Chick embryo AM | Growth factors, chemokines | Angiogenesis in chicken embryos | Zhang et al. (2022) |
| Tumor cell lines | Cytoplasm, mRNA, etc. | Mediating the tumor–tumor associated osteoclast coupling | Gu et al. (2024) |
| BM-MSCs | Dermcidin | Enhancing bacterial phagocytosis of pulmonary macrophages | Li et al. (2023) |
| Multipotent MSCs | SDF-1 | Chemoattractant for cells of hematopoietic cells | Deniz et al. (2023) |
| Cells infected with viruses | Virions | Viral transmission | Liu et al. (2023); Lv and Zhang (2023); Zhao et al. (2024) |
| Macrophage lineage cells | CD5L | Impairment of complement-dependent blood–brain barrier in CAA | Hu et al. (2023) |
| Primary human coronary artery endothelial cells | Unknown | Cell–cell signalization | Gagat et al. (2021) |
| Retinal pigmented epithelium cells | Unknown | Development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy | Wu et al. (2022) |
| Microglia | Contractile proteins, etc. | Associated with high-salt diet–induced ischemic brain damage | Schmidt-Pogoda et al. (2018) |
| Urine | miRNA | Biomarker for early podocyte injury | Liu et al. (2020) |
| Cell types or tissues . | Contents . | Potential physiological and pathological roles . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|
| L929 cells NRK cells | Small vesicles Mitochondria mRNA | Packaged release and localized secretion of signaling proteins Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis Lateral transfer of materials | Jiao et al. (2021), (2024); Ma et al. (2015); Zhu et al. (2021) |
| Mouse monocytes | Small vesicles | Packaged release and targeted delivery of cytokines at inflammation sites | Jiao et al. (2024) |
| Mouse neutrophils | Mitochondria | Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis | Jiao et al. (2021) |
| Mouse macrophages | Small vesicles Mitochondria | Packaged release and localized secretion of signaling proteins Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis | Jiao et al. (2021); Ma et al. (2015) |
| Zebrafish embryos | Chemokines | Organ morphogenesis during zebrafish gastrulation | Jiang et al. (2019) |
| Chick embryo AM | Growth factors, chemokines | Angiogenesis in chicken embryos | Zhang et al. (2022) |
| Tumor cell lines | Cytoplasm, mRNA, etc. | Mediating the tumor–tumor associated osteoclast coupling | Gu et al. (2024) |
| BM-MSCs | Dermcidin | Enhancing bacterial phagocytosis of pulmonary macrophages | Li et al. (2023) |
| Multipotent MSCs | SDF-1 | Chemoattractant for cells of hematopoietic cells | Deniz et al. (2023) |
| Cells infected with viruses | Virions | Viral transmission | Liu et al. (2023); Lv and Zhang (2023); Zhao et al. (2024) |
| Macrophage lineage cells | CD5L | Impairment of complement-dependent blood–brain barrier in CAA | Hu et al. (2023) |
| Primary human coronary artery endothelial cells | Unknown | Cell–cell signalization | Gagat et al. (2021) |
| Retinal pigmented epithelium cells | Unknown | Development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy | Wu et al. (2022) |
| Microglia | Contractile proteins, etc. | Associated with high-salt diet–induced ischemic brain damage | Schmidt-Pogoda et al. (2018) |
| Urine | miRNA | Biomarker for early podocyte injury | Liu et al. (2020) |
L929 (mouse fibroblast cell line), NRK (normal rat kidney cell line).