SNPs in the region flanking CTGF are associated with severe HF in Sudanese and Brazilian subjects infected with S. mansoni
| Sudanese sample | Brazilian sample | |||||||||||||
| SNP | Genotype | Controls | Cases | OR | 95% CI | P | SNP | Genotype | Controls | Cases | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| % | % | % | % | |||||||||||
| Univariate analysis | rs1257705 | AA | 90.1 | 98.4 | 6.68 | 0.86–51.7 | 0.069 | rs1257705 | AA | NS | ||||
| rs12526196 | TT | 90.2 | 98.4 | 6.8 | 0.89–52.8 | 0.066 | rs12526196 | TT | NS | |||||
| rs3037970 | −/− | NS | rs3037970 | −/− | 80.5 | 90.2 | 0.12 | |||||||
| rs6918698 | CC | NS | rs6918698 | CC + CG | 63 | 83.9 | 3.05 | 1.33–6.98 | 0.008 | |||||
| rs9402373 | CC | 78.1 | 94.9 | 5.22 | 1.53–17.7 | 0.008 | rs9402373 | CC | 61.3 | 80.3 | 2.57 | 1.18–5.64 | 0.018 | |
| Multivariate analysis | rs12526196 | TT | 7.26 | 0.93–56.8 | 0.059 | rs6918698 | CC | 4.92 | 2–12 | 5 × 10−4 | ||||
| rs9402373 | CC | 5.23 | 1.5–18 | 0.008 | rs9402373 | CC | 4.25 | 1.79–10.08 | 9 × 10−4 | |||||
| Sudanese sample | Brazilian sample | |||||||||||||
| SNP | Genotype | Controls | Cases | OR | 95% CI | P | SNP | Genotype | Controls | Cases | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| % | % | % | % | |||||||||||
| Univariate analysis | rs1257705 | AA | 90.1 | 98.4 | 6.68 | 0.86–51.7 | 0.069 | rs1257705 | AA | NS | ||||
| rs12526196 | TT | 90.2 | 98.4 | 6.8 | 0.89–52.8 | 0.066 | rs12526196 | TT | NS | |||||
| rs3037970 | −/− | NS | rs3037970 | −/− | 80.5 | 90.2 | 0.12 | |||||||
| rs6918698 | CC | NS | rs6918698 | CC + CG | 63 | 83.9 | 3.05 | 1.33–6.98 | 0.008 | |||||
| rs9402373 | CC | 78.1 | 94.9 | 5.22 | 1.53–17.7 | 0.008 | rs9402373 | CC | 61.3 | 80.3 | 2.57 | 1.18–5.64 | 0.018 | |
| Multivariate analysis | rs12526196 | TT | 7.26 | 0.93–56.8 | 0.059 | rs6918698 | CC | 4.92 | 2–12 | 5 × 10−4 | ||||
| rs9402373 | CC | 5.23 | 1.5–18 | 0.008 | rs9402373 | CC | 4.25 | 1.79–10.08 | 9 × 10−4 | |||||
The two principal schistosome strains that cause HF are S. japonicum in Asia and S. mansoni in Africa and South America. We investigated whether HF in an S. mansoni–endemic region in Sudan and Brazil was also affected by CTGF allelic variants. CTGF polymorphisms that were associated with HF in Chinese fishermen were genotyped in both samples. Case and control phenotypes are described in Materials and methods and in Table S1. We first tested for associations between the SNPs and HF phenotypes separately (univariate analysis); the SNPs were then tested simultaneously (multivariate analysis), including SNPs rs12526196, rs1257705, and rs9402373. Genotype is the aggravating genotype. In Sudanese farmers (n = 214, 62 cases and 152 controls), the covariate was age only. In Brazilians (n = 136, 61 cases and 75 controls), there were no covariate. P, p-value.