Key players of AMD and their link to miRNA
. | Links to AMD . | Links to miRNA . | Major references . |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUBPs | |||
| AUF-1/ hnRNP D | Various effects on ARE mRNA stability; associates with exosome components | Chen et al. (2001); Barreau et al. (2005) | |
| BRF1 | Destabilizes ARE mRNA; associates with many degradation enzymes | Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005) | |
| HuR | Stabilizes ARE mRNA | Rescues miR122 translationally repressed ARE mRNA from PBs | Brennan and Steitz (2001); Bhattacharyya et al. (2006) |
| KSRP | Destabilizes ARE mRNA; associates with many degradation enzymes | Chen et al. (2001); Chou et al. (2006) | |
| TTP | Destabilizes ARE mRNA; associates with many degradation enzymes | Binds miR16 and AGO2 | Lai et al. (1999); Chen et al. (2001); Fenger-Grøn et al. (2005); Jing et al. (2005) ; Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Hau et al. (2007) |
| Degradation machineries | |||
| AGO2 | Associates with TTP | miRNA processing and many other roles | Jing et al. (2005) ; Filipowicz et al. (2008) |
| CCR4 | Associates with TTP and BRF1 | Required for miRNA-mediated decay | Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Behm-Ansmant et al. (2006) |
| Decapping components | Associates with TTP and BRF1; required for AMD | Required for miRNA-mediated decay | Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Rehwinkel et al. (2005) ; Stoecklin et al. (2006); Behm-Ansmant et al. (2006) ; Lin et al. (2007) |
| Exosome | Certain subunits have been shown to associate with AREs directly and several subunits also bind to AUBPs; required for AMD | Chen et al. (2001); Mukherjee et al. (2002); Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Anderson et al. (2006); Lin et al. (2007) | |
| GW182 | Required for miRNA-mediated decay | Rehwinkel et al. (2005) ; Filipowicz et al. (2008) | |
| PARN | Associates with KSRP and is activated by TTP; required for AMD | Lai et al. (2003); Chou et al. (2006); Lin et al. (2007) | |
| Xrn1 | Associates with TTP and BRF1; required for AMD | Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Stoecklin et al. (2006); Lin et al. (2007) |
. | Links to AMD . | Links to miRNA . | Major references . |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUBPs | |||
| AUF-1/ hnRNP D | Various effects on ARE mRNA stability; associates with exosome components | Chen et al. (2001); Barreau et al. (2005) | |
| BRF1 | Destabilizes ARE mRNA; associates with many degradation enzymes | Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005) | |
| HuR | Stabilizes ARE mRNA | Rescues miR122 translationally repressed ARE mRNA from PBs | Brennan and Steitz (2001); Bhattacharyya et al. (2006) |
| KSRP | Destabilizes ARE mRNA; associates with many degradation enzymes | Chen et al. (2001); Chou et al. (2006) | |
| TTP | Destabilizes ARE mRNA; associates with many degradation enzymes | Binds miR16 and AGO2 | Lai et al. (1999); Chen et al. (2001); Fenger-Grøn et al. (2005); Jing et al. (2005) ; Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Hau et al. (2007) |
| Degradation machineries | |||
| AGO2 | Associates with TTP | miRNA processing and many other roles | Jing et al. (2005) ; Filipowicz et al. (2008) |
| CCR4 | Associates with TTP and BRF1 | Required for miRNA-mediated decay | Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Behm-Ansmant et al. (2006) |
| Decapping components | Associates with TTP and BRF1; required for AMD | Required for miRNA-mediated decay | Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Rehwinkel et al. (2005) ; Stoecklin et al. (2006); Behm-Ansmant et al. (2006) ; Lin et al. (2007) |
| Exosome | Certain subunits have been shown to associate with AREs directly and several subunits also bind to AUBPs; required for AMD | Chen et al. (2001); Mukherjee et al. (2002); Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Anderson et al. (2006); Lin et al. (2007) | |
| GW182 | Required for miRNA-mediated decay | Rehwinkel et al. (2005) ; Filipowicz et al. (2008) | |
| PARN | Associates with KSRP and is activated by TTP; required for AMD | Lai et al. (2003); Chou et al. (2006); Lin et al. (2007) | |
| Xrn1 | Associates with TTP and BRF1; required for AMD | Lykke-Andersen and Wagner (2005); Stoecklin et al. (2006); Lin et al. (2007) |
This table lists the AUBPs (for a more thorough listing of the stabilizing and destabilizing roles of AUBPs, see Barreau et al. [2005]) and degradation enzymes that have been implicated in AMD. The links that these proteins have to AMD, as well as to miRNA-based processes, are highlighted, with select references (those underlined are in relation to miRNA and those not underlined are in relation to AMD).