Age modifiers and neurodegeneration
| Disease Protein | Disease | Age modifier | Organism | Reference | |
| A | PrP | Prion diseases | SIRT1 knockout | Mouse | Chen et al., 2008 |
| B | α-Synuclein | Parkinson’s disease | Rapamycin inhibition of TOR and 4E-BP overexpression | Drosophila | Tain et al., 2009 |
| C | Polyglutamine expansion, Tau | Polyglutamine-expansion diseases, Alzheimer’s disease | Rapamycin inhibition of TOR | Tissue culture and Drosophila | Berger et al., 2006 |
| D | Polyglutamine expansion | Polyglutamine-expansion diseases | Rapamycin inhibition of TOR | Tissue culture, Drosophila, mice, and human | Ravikumar et al., 2004 |
| E | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | Resveratrol activation of Sirtuin | Cell culture | Marambaud et al., 2005 |
| F | — | — | Deletion and overexpression of SIRT1 | Mouse | Lee et al., 2008 |
| G | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | SIRT1 overexpression | Mouse | Qin et al., 2006b |
| H | α-Synuclein | Parkinson’s disease | SIRT2 inhibition | Cultured neurons and Drosophila | Outeiro et al., 2007 |
| I | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | IRS-2, neuronal IGF-1R and insulin receptor knockout | Mouse | Freude et al., 2009 |
| J | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | IGF-1 overexpression | Mouse | Palazzolo et al., 2009 |
| K | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | DAF-2 reduction | C. elegans | Cohen et al., 2006 |
| L | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | IGF-1R reduction | Mouse | Cohen et al., 2009 |
| Disease Protein | Disease | Age modifier | Organism | Reference | |
| A | PrP | Prion diseases | SIRT1 knockout | Mouse | Chen et al., 2008 |
| B | α-Synuclein | Parkinson’s disease | Rapamycin inhibition of TOR and 4E-BP overexpression | Drosophila | Tain et al., 2009 |
| C | Polyglutamine expansion, Tau | Polyglutamine-expansion diseases, Alzheimer’s disease | Rapamycin inhibition of TOR | Tissue culture and Drosophila | Berger et al., 2006 |
| D | Polyglutamine expansion | Polyglutamine-expansion diseases | Rapamycin inhibition of TOR | Tissue culture, Drosophila, mice, and human | Ravikumar et al., 2004 |
| E | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | Resveratrol activation of Sirtuin | Cell culture | Marambaud et al., 2005 |
| F | — | — | Deletion and overexpression of SIRT1 | Mouse | Lee et al., 2008 |
| G | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | SIRT1 overexpression | Mouse | Qin et al., 2006b |
| H | α-Synuclein | Parkinson’s disease | SIRT2 inhibition | Cultured neurons and Drosophila | Outeiro et al., 2007 |
| I | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | IRS-2, neuronal IGF-1R and insulin receptor knockout | Mouse | Freude et al., 2009 |
| J | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | IGF-1 overexpression | Mouse | Palazzolo et al., 2009 |
| K | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | DAF-2 reduction | C. elegans | Cohen et al., 2006 |
| L | Aβ | Alzheimer’s disease | IGF-1R reduction | Mouse | Cohen et al., 2009 |
References and descriptions for Fig. 3. Each letter highlights its respective arrow in Fig. 3 and references the corresponding study.