Table 1.
Patient characteristics in the histological analysis
CharacteristicControl never-smokersControl ex-smokersCOPD ex-smokers
Subjects (n10 11 
Men/women 0/8 8/2a 8/3a 
Age (yr) 71.1 ± 6.6 69.0 ± 10.2 70.1 ± 7.7 
Smoking (pack/yr) 0.0 ± 0.0 37.5 ± 27.2a 53.2 ± 33.1b 
FVC (% of predicted) 106.1 ± 15.6 105.0 ± 11.7 106.0 ± 13.4 
FEV1 (% of predicted) 108.4 ± 16.0 114.1 ± 20.2 75.5 ± 14.9a,c 
FEV1/FVC (%) 78.3 ± 7.0 81.1 ± 8.0 55.7 ± 10.2a,c 
GOLD (I/II/III/IV)   4/7/0/0 
CharacteristicControl never-smokersControl ex-smokersCOPD ex-smokers
Subjects (n10 11 
Men/women 0/8 8/2a 8/3a 
Age (yr) 71.1 ± 6.6 69.0 ± 10.2 70.1 ± 7.7 
Smoking (pack/yr) 0.0 ± 0.0 37.5 ± 27.2a 53.2 ± 33.1b 
FVC (% of predicted) 106.1 ± 15.6 105.0 ± 11.7 106.0 ± 13.4 
FEV1 (% of predicted) 108.4 ± 16.0 114.1 ± 20.2 75.5 ± 14.9a,c 
FEV1/FVC (%) 78.3 ± 7.0 81.1 ± 8.0 55.7 ± 10.2a,c 
GOLD (I/II/III/IV)   4/7/0/0 

Data are presented as mean ± SD. FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

a

P < 0.01.

b

P < 0.001 vs. control never-smokers.

c

P < 0.001 vs. control ex-smokers.

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