Table 1.
Influences of NOD1/2 on intestinal microbial community structures
GenotypeSpeciesSample tissueSequence methodDisease modelMicrobiome changesLittermates?Reference
Nod2 mutation Human Ileum 454 seq CD, UC Shifts in microbial composition  Frank et al., 2011  
Nod2 mutation Human Ileum qPCR CD ↑Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes  Rehman et al., 2011  
Nod2 mutation Human Intestinal biopsies 16S seq  ↑Enterobacteriaceae  Knights et al., 2014  
Nod2−/− Mice Ileum, feces qPCR Steady state ↑Bacterial load; ↑Bacteroides, Bacillus, and Firmicutes Yes Petnicki-Ocwieja et al., 2009  
Nod2−/− Mice Ileum, feces 454 seq Steady state ↑Bacterial load; ↑Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes No Rehman et al., 2011  
Nod2−/− Mice Feces 454 seq Steady state ↓Bacterial diversity and richness; ↑Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Bacteroides acidifaciens; ↓Prevotellaceae No Mondot et al., 2012  
Nod2−/− Mice Colon 454 seq DSS ↑Bacterial load Yes Smith et al., 2012  
Nod2−/− Mice Colon 454 seq DSS, DSS-AOM ↑Bacteroidetes No Couturier-Maillard et al., 2013  
Nod2−/− Mice Feces 16S seq Steady state ↑Bacteroides vulgatus No Ramanan et al., 2014  
Nod1−/− Mice Ileum qPCR Steady state ↑Bacterial load; ↑Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Enterobacteriaceae; ↓Lactobacillaceae No Bouskra et al., 2008  
Nod1/2 DKO Mice Ileum, cecum, colon qPCR Steady state No change Yes Robertson et al., 2013  
Nod1/2 DKO Mice Cecum qPCR Salmonella DaroA infection No change Yes Robertson et al., 2016  
GenotypeSpeciesSample tissueSequence methodDisease modelMicrobiome changesLittermates?Reference
Nod2 mutation Human Ileum 454 seq CD, UC Shifts in microbial composition  Frank et al., 2011  
Nod2 mutation Human Ileum qPCR CD ↑Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes  Rehman et al., 2011  
Nod2 mutation Human Intestinal biopsies 16S seq  ↑Enterobacteriaceae  Knights et al., 2014  
Nod2−/− Mice Ileum, feces qPCR Steady state ↑Bacterial load; ↑Bacteroides, Bacillus, and Firmicutes Yes Petnicki-Ocwieja et al., 2009  
Nod2−/− Mice Ileum, feces 454 seq Steady state ↑Bacterial load; ↑Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes No Rehman et al., 2011  
Nod2−/− Mice Feces 454 seq Steady state ↓Bacterial diversity and richness; ↑Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Bacteroides acidifaciens; ↓Prevotellaceae No Mondot et al., 2012  
Nod2−/− Mice Colon 454 seq DSS ↑Bacterial load Yes Smith et al., 2012  
Nod2−/− Mice Colon 454 seq DSS, DSS-AOM ↑Bacteroidetes No Couturier-Maillard et al., 2013  
Nod2−/− Mice Feces 16S seq Steady state ↑Bacteroides vulgatus No Ramanan et al., 2014  
Nod1−/− Mice Ileum qPCR Steady state ↑Bacterial load; ↑Bacteroidetes, Clostridiales, and Enterobacteriaceae; ↓Lactobacillaceae No Bouskra et al., 2008  
Nod1/2 DKO Mice Ileum, cecum, colon qPCR Steady state No change Yes Robertson et al., 2013  
Nod1/2 DKO Mice Cecum qPCR Salmonella DaroA infection No change Yes Robertson et al., 2016  

Summary of recent studies in both human and mice indicating the effect of NOD1 and NOD2 on the intestinal microbiome. DKO, double-knockout; qPCR, quantitative PCR; seq, sequencing.

View Large
This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal