| ID . | Age . | Sex . | Medical history . | Comorbid conditions . | Co-infection . | Culture specimen yielding T. marneffei . | Days required for diagnosis . | Number of recurrences . | Follow-up (mo) . | Antibiotics used . | Outcomea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 57 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration; left hand herpes; lymph node (neck, jaw) enlargement for 1 yr; recurrent fever | CMV, NTM, HBV, C. albicans | Bone marrow | 218 | 2 | 35 | CLA, EMB, ITC, MXF | Cured | |
| 2 | 59 | F | Anti-TB treatment; anterior chest erythema, nodules, and swelling for 4 mo; cervical lymph node enlargement for 4 mo; recurrent fever; weight loss | MAC | Skin lesion | 145 | 1 | 37 | ITC, RMP | Cured | |
| 3 | 47 | F | Chest pain for 9 mo; cough and expectoration; recurrent fever; skin abscess; weight loss | B. cepacia, NTM, VZV | Pus (skin) | 205 | 4 | 29 | EMB, INH, LVX, PZA | Death | |
| 4 | 54 | M | Hepatomegaly; multiple lymph nodes (neck, mediastinum, retroperitoneum); recurrent fever for 1 mo; weight loss | HBV | Skin lesion | 59 | 1 | 38 | ITC | Death | |
| 5 | 59 | F | Erythema, papules and pustules (Sweet’s syndrome); lymph node enlargement for 8 mo; weight loss | NTM | Skin lesion | 108 | 1 | 62 | CEF, ITC | Death | |
| 6 | 49 | M | Anti-TB treatment; fever, cough and expectoration for 2 yr; lymph node enlargement; weight loss | DM, H/T | Skin lesion, pleural tissue | 923 | Unknown | 28 | EMB, INH, RMP, VRC | Unknown | |
| 7 | 57 | M | Cough and expectoration for 1 mo; fever; weight loss | RI | Alveolar lavage fluid | 42 | Unknown | 31 | CEF, FLC, ITC, LVX, MXF, VRC | Unknown | |
| 8 | 31 | F | Anti-TB treatment; chest pain; cough and expectoration for 5 mo; lymph node enlargement (neck); weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid, sputum, liver tissue | 40 | Unknown | 29 | CEF, CLA, EMB, FLC, INH, MXF, PZA, RMP | Unknown | ||
| 9 | 62 | F | Anti-TB treatment; lumbosacral pain for 2 mo; recurrent fever; skin abscess; weight loss | Pus (bone) | 488 | 1 | 39 | AMB | Cured | ||
| 10 | 40 | F | Anti-TB treatment; fever with lymph node enlargement (neck, groin) for 4 mo; joint pain; weight loss | Bone marrow | 375 | 5 | 72 | AMB, FOX, ITC, LVX | Persistent infection | ||
| 11 | 42 | F | Anti-TB treatment; erythema, papules, and pustules over entire body (Sweet’s syndrome); lymph node enlargement for >6 mo; recurrent fever; weight loss | Pus (clavicle) | 319 | 4 | 26 | AMB, ITC | Cured | ||
| 12 | 58 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough, expectoration, and fever for 6 mo; multiple masses; weight loss | Pus (skin) | 611 | 1 | 41 | AMB, ITC, LVX, VRC | Cured | ||
| 13 | 49 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough, expectoration, and fever for 8 mo; lymph node enlargement (supraclavicular, mediastinum, pelvic cavity, groin); weight loss | K. pneumoniae, A. veronii | Pus (joint) | 119 | 0 | 25 | VRC | Death | |
| 14 | 40 | M | Acute generalized pustular disease; cough, expectoration and fever for 3 mo | Alveolar lavage fluid | 30 | 2 | 13 | CLA, VRC | Persistent infection | ||
| 15 | 51 | F | Anti-TB treatment; chest pain; cough, expectoration, and fever for 7 d; lymph node enlargement (mediastinum); skin mass; weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid, lung tissue | 273 | 5 | 13 | AMB, CEF, FOX, INH, ITC, LVX, PZA, RMP | Persistent infection | ||
| 16 | 51 | M | Cough, expectoration for 6 mo; recurrent fever for 3 mo; skin abscess; weight loss | Pus (bone) | 208 | 1 | 10 | VRC | Persistent infection | ||
| 17 | 50 | M | Fever; cough and expectoration for 5 mo; swelling of the right neck lymph node for 3 mo (neck and mediastinum) | Blood | 119 | 2 | 11 | ITC | Persistent infection | ||
| 18 | 51 | M | Fever and cough for 4 mo; lympho-adenopathy for 3 yr (mediastinum, supraclavicular) | HBV | Lung tissue | 261 | 0 | 10 | CEF, ITC | Persistent infection | |
| 19 | 57 | M | Anti-TB treatment; cough, expectoration, and fever for 1 mo; weight loss | NTM | Blood, sputum (lung) | 34 | 3 | 37 | EMB, FLC, FOX, INH, LVX, MXF, PZA, RMP, SXT, VRC | Persistent infection | |
| 20 | 60 | F | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever; repeated enlargement of the right axillary lymph nodes for >20 yr; subcutaneous mass; weight loss | Skin lesion, pus | 360 | 1 | 27 | CLA, EMB, INH, ITC, MXF, RMP, VRC | Persistent infection | ||
| 21 | 52 | F | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever, cough, and expectoration for 8 mo; subcutaneous mass; weight loss | CMV | Alveolar lavage fluid, skin lesion | 268 | 2 | 37 | AZ, FLC, MXF, VRC | Unknown | |
| 22 | 41 | M | Anti-TB treatment; hepatosplenomegaly; lymph node enlargement (ear, neck, and submaxillary); recurrent fever and cough for 4 mo; skin ulcers; weight loss | VZV | Blood | 207 | 1 | 42 | CEF, EMB, FLC, ITC, LVX, PZA, RMP, VRC | Unknown | |
| 23 | 29 | M | Anti-TB treatment; fever, cough, and expectoration for 1 mo; hepatosplenomegaly; prolonged fever for 5 mo; weight loss | TB | Pus (skin) | 73 | 2 | 38 | EMB, FLC, ITC, LVX, PZA, RMP | Unknown | |
| 24 | 46 | M | Fever and lymph node enlargement for 3 mo; hepatosplenomegaly; weight loss | Clonorchis sinensis, VZV | Pus (skin) | 124 | 1 | 37 | CEF, FLC, ITC, LVX, MXF | Unknown | |
| 25 | 57 | M | Chest pain; cough and expectoration for 2 mo; lymph node enlargement (supraclavicular, neck) for 6 mo; recurrent fever; weight loss | Pleural tissue | 85 | Unknown | 35 | AMB, CEF, LVX, MXF, VRC | Unknown | ||
| 26 | 64 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough and cervical lymph node enlargement for 10 mo; weight loss | Lymph node | 283 | 1 | 44 | AMB | Cured | ||
| 27 | 50 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration for >1 yr; recurrent fever for 2 mo; weight loss | DM, H/T | Blood | 55 | 2 | 41 | CEF, FLC, ITC, VRC | Death | |
| 28 | 68 | M | Anti-TB treatment; cough, expectoration, and fever for 1 mo; lymph node enlargement (armpit, mediastinum, groin); recurrent fever; weight loss | DM | E. cloacae | Lung tissue | 116 | 1 | 7 | AMB, CEF, IPM, LVX | Death |
| 29 | 67 | M | Erythema, papules, and pustules over entire body (Sweet’s syndrome); lymph node enlargement for 2 yr; recurrent fever for 2 yr | Salmonella spp. | Bone marrow, blood | 515 | Unknown | 22 | CEF, ITC, LVX, VRC | Unknown | |
| 30 | 65 | M | Cough and expectoration for 5 mo; fever for 2 mo; hepatomegaly; lymph node enlargement (armpit, groin); skin lesions | Bone marrow | 91 | 1 | 33 | CEF, MXF, VRC | Cured | ||
| 31 | 44 | M | Anti-TB treatment; chest pain; cough and expectoration; lymph node enlargement (mediastinum); recurrent fever for 9 mo; weight loss | Mycobacterium abscessus | Sputum (lung) | 312 | 1 | 27 | IPM, LZD, MXF, VRC | Cured | |
| 32 | 22 | M | Anti-TB treatment; hip pain for 8 mo; weight loss | Pyogenic osteomyelitis, thalassemia | Blood | 166 | 8 | 45 | VRC | Death | |
| 33 | 77 | M | Anti-TB treatment; neck mass for 10 mo; lymph node enlargement (cervical and pulmonary portal) for 10 mo; weight loss | Pus, skin lesion | 417 | 1 | 13 | LVX, INH, ITC, VRC | Persistent infection | ||
| 34 | 70 | F | Anti-TB treatment; fever; cough and expectoration; cervical lymph node enlargement for 1 mo; weight loss | VZV | Lymph node | 91 | 4 | 29 | LVX, FOX, VRC, ITC, RMP, EMB, INH, CAS, MXF, VA | Death | |
| 35 | 64 | M | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration for 3 mo; recurrent fever for 1 mo; weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid | 91 | 5 | 18 | AMB, ITC, TG, CDZ, ETM, VA, FLC, IPM | Persistent infection | ||
| 36 | 65 | M | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever and cough for 1 yr; Sweet’s syndrome; weight loss | DM, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease | Salmonella spp., TB | Pus (joint) | 305 | 5 | 21 | INH, RMP, EMB, MXF, AMB | Death |
| 37 | 53 | M | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever and abdominal pain; weight loss | Blood | 365 | 0 | 24 | CLI, EMB, MEM, TEC, CAS, VRC | Death | ||
| 38 | 61 | M | Recurrent fever, cough, and abdominal pain; weight loss | Salmonella spp. | Lung tissue | 210 | 1 | 16 | LVX, DOX, CHL | Death | |
| 39 | 56 | M | Recurrent fever and cough; lymph node enlargement; Sweet’s syndrome; weight loss | Lymph node | 30 | 2 | 19 | LVX, FLC, VRC, AMB | Cured | ||
| 40 | 33 | F | Anti-TB treatment; fever; chest pain, cough, and expectoration for 4 mo; Sweet’s syndrome; weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid | 515 | 1 | 13 | PTZ, CLI, RMP, INH, EMB, AMB, VRC | Unknown | ||
| 41 | 59 | M | Fever and cough for 20 d; weight loss | RI | VZV | Sputum, alveolar lavage fluid | 75 | 0 | 17 | VRC, MEM, LZD, TEC, CDZ, AMB, MXF, DOX, AN, ACV | Unknown |
| 42 | 63 | M | Neck mass for 1 mo; fever for 19 d; weight loss | EBV | Blood | 60 | 1 | 14 | LVX, CDZ, MEM, VA, VRC, AMB, PTZ, LZD | Persistent infection | |
| 43 | 50 | F | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent cough for 7 mo; recurrent fever for 5 mo; weight loss | VZV | Blood, alveolar lavage fluid | 240 | 0 | 15 | PSL, LVX, TCF, MXF, INH, RMP, EMB, PZA, AMB, ACV | Persistent infection | |
| 44 | 63 | M | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration for 8 mo | DM | Alveolar lavage fluid | 210 | 0 | 8 | CDZ, LVX, SCF, AMB | Persistent infection | |
| 45 | 64 | M | Cough and expectoration for 4 mo; fever for 7 d; weight loss | Embolism of pulmonary artery, acute kidney injury | VZV, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae | Lung tissue | 150 | 0 | 12 | PTZ, MXF, AMX, LVX, CDZ, SCF, CLI, FLC, IPM, VRC, LZD, SXT, MEM, VA, CAS, AMB, ACV, TG | Persistent infection |
| 46 | 50 | F | Anti-TB treatment; fever; right supraclavicular mass for 3 mo | Aspergillus | Blood, lymph node | 151 | 0 | 9 | INH, RPT, EMB, PZA, FOX, VRC | Persistent infection | |
| 47 | 68 | M | Recurrent fever and cough for 8 mo | DM, H/T | Blood | 240 | 0 | 12 | CDZ, CLI, SCF, MXF, VA, VRC | Death | |
| 48 | 72 | F | Recurrent fever for 6 mo | EBV, CMV | Lymph node | 181 | 1 | 11 | TG, AN, SCF, GCV, LVX, VRC | Death | |
| 49 | 49 | F | Anti-TB treatment; neck mass for 3 mo; fever for 15 d; weight loss | TB | Alveolar lavage fluid | 89 | 2 | 15 | INH, RMP, EMB, PZA, PTZ, LVX, AMB | Cured | |
| 50 | 45 | M | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever, cough, and expectoration for 3 mo; respiratory distress and asthma for 2 mo; weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid | 90 | 0 | 15 | CDZ, MXF, MEM, VRC | Cured | ||
| 51 | 57 | M | Recurrent fever and cough for 1 mo | K. pneumoniae | Lung tissue | 29 | 1 | 20 | CLI, TCF, VA, VRC, AMB | Persistent infection | |
| 52 | 52 | F | Anti-TB treatment; repeated enlargement of cervical lymph node; recurrent cough and expectoration | M. abscessus | Lymph node | 62 | 1 | 23 | ITC, CXM, RMP, EMB, INH | Persistent infection | |
| 53 | 45 | M | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent cough and expectoration; weight loss | C. albicans | 120 | 1 | 14 | PSL, MXF, PTZ, LZD, INH, FLC, RMP, EMB | Persistent infection | ||
| 54 | 51 | M | Cough, expectoration, and fever for 1 mo | DM | VZV, Salmonella spp. | Blood | 28 | 1 | 18 | AMB, VRC, ITC | Persistent infection |
| 55 | 68 | M | Recurrent fever, cough, and expectoration for 1 mo; weight loss | C. albicans | Alveolar lavage fluid | 29 | 1 | 14 | CDZ, MXF, PTZ, ETM, FLC | Unknown | |
| A | 69 | M | Cough and expectoration for 5 d; hepatosplenomegaly; recurrent fever for 1 mo; weight loss | HBV, C. albicans | Blood | 30 | Unknown | 33 | CEF, VRC | Unknown | |
| B | 62 | F | Chest pain for 1 yr; recurrent fever for 3 mo; skin ulcers | Pus (skin) | 83 | Unknown | 19 | AMB, VRC | Unknown | ||
| C | 47 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration; hepatomegaly; recurrent fever; swollen lymph nodes for 3 mo | Lung tissue | 1,213 | 1 | 27 | LVX, MXF, VRC | Cured |
| ID . | Age . | Sex . | Medical history . | Comorbid conditions . | Co-infection . | Culture specimen yielding T. marneffei . | Days required for diagnosis . | Number of recurrences . | Follow-up (mo) . | Antibiotics used . | Outcomea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 57 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration; left hand herpes; lymph node (neck, jaw) enlargement for 1 yr; recurrent fever | CMV, NTM, HBV, C. albicans | Bone marrow | 218 | 2 | 35 | CLA, EMB, ITC, MXF | Cured | |
| 2 | 59 | F | Anti-TB treatment; anterior chest erythema, nodules, and swelling for 4 mo; cervical lymph node enlargement for 4 mo; recurrent fever; weight loss | MAC | Skin lesion | 145 | 1 | 37 | ITC, RMP | Cured | |
| 3 | 47 | F | Chest pain for 9 mo; cough and expectoration; recurrent fever; skin abscess; weight loss | B. cepacia, NTM, VZV | Pus (skin) | 205 | 4 | 29 | EMB, INH, LVX, PZA | Death | |
| 4 | 54 | M | Hepatomegaly; multiple lymph nodes (neck, mediastinum, retroperitoneum); recurrent fever for 1 mo; weight loss | HBV | Skin lesion | 59 | 1 | 38 | ITC | Death | |
| 5 | 59 | F | Erythema, papules and pustules (Sweet’s syndrome); lymph node enlargement for 8 mo; weight loss | NTM | Skin lesion | 108 | 1 | 62 | CEF, ITC | Death | |
| 6 | 49 | M | Anti-TB treatment; fever, cough and expectoration for 2 yr; lymph node enlargement; weight loss | DM, H/T | Skin lesion, pleural tissue | 923 | Unknown | 28 | EMB, INH, RMP, VRC | Unknown | |
| 7 | 57 | M | Cough and expectoration for 1 mo; fever; weight loss | RI | Alveolar lavage fluid | 42 | Unknown | 31 | CEF, FLC, ITC, LVX, MXF, VRC | Unknown | |
| 8 | 31 | F | Anti-TB treatment; chest pain; cough and expectoration for 5 mo; lymph node enlargement (neck); weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid, sputum, liver tissue | 40 | Unknown | 29 | CEF, CLA, EMB, FLC, INH, MXF, PZA, RMP | Unknown | ||
| 9 | 62 | F | Anti-TB treatment; lumbosacral pain for 2 mo; recurrent fever; skin abscess; weight loss | Pus (bone) | 488 | 1 | 39 | AMB | Cured | ||
| 10 | 40 | F | Anti-TB treatment; fever with lymph node enlargement (neck, groin) for 4 mo; joint pain; weight loss | Bone marrow | 375 | 5 | 72 | AMB, FOX, ITC, LVX | Persistent infection | ||
| 11 | 42 | F | Anti-TB treatment; erythema, papules, and pustules over entire body (Sweet’s syndrome); lymph node enlargement for >6 mo; recurrent fever; weight loss | Pus (clavicle) | 319 | 4 | 26 | AMB, ITC | Cured | ||
| 12 | 58 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough, expectoration, and fever for 6 mo; multiple masses; weight loss | Pus (skin) | 611 | 1 | 41 | AMB, ITC, LVX, VRC | Cured | ||
| 13 | 49 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough, expectoration, and fever for 8 mo; lymph node enlargement (supraclavicular, mediastinum, pelvic cavity, groin); weight loss | K. pneumoniae, A. veronii | Pus (joint) | 119 | 0 | 25 | VRC | Death | |
| 14 | 40 | M | Acute generalized pustular disease; cough, expectoration and fever for 3 mo | Alveolar lavage fluid | 30 | 2 | 13 | CLA, VRC | Persistent infection | ||
| 15 | 51 | F | Anti-TB treatment; chest pain; cough, expectoration, and fever for 7 d; lymph node enlargement (mediastinum); skin mass; weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid, lung tissue | 273 | 5 | 13 | AMB, CEF, FOX, INH, ITC, LVX, PZA, RMP | Persistent infection | ||
| 16 | 51 | M | Cough, expectoration for 6 mo; recurrent fever for 3 mo; skin abscess; weight loss | Pus (bone) | 208 | 1 | 10 | VRC | Persistent infection | ||
| 17 | 50 | M | Fever; cough and expectoration for 5 mo; swelling of the right neck lymph node for 3 mo (neck and mediastinum) | Blood | 119 | 2 | 11 | ITC | Persistent infection | ||
| 18 | 51 | M | Fever and cough for 4 mo; lympho-adenopathy for 3 yr (mediastinum, supraclavicular) | HBV | Lung tissue | 261 | 0 | 10 | CEF, ITC | Persistent infection | |
| 19 | 57 | M | Anti-TB treatment; cough, expectoration, and fever for 1 mo; weight loss | NTM | Blood, sputum (lung) | 34 | 3 | 37 | EMB, FLC, FOX, INH, LVX, MXF, PZA, RMP, SXT, VRC | Persistent infection | |
| 20 | 60 | F | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever; repeated enlargement of the right axillary lymph nodes for >20 yr; subcutaneous mass; weight loss | Skin lesion, pus | 360 | 1 | 27 | CLA, EMB, INH, ITC, MXF, RMP, VRC | Persistent infection | ||
| 21 | 52 | F | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever, cough, and expectoration for 8 mo; subcutaneous mass; weight loss | CMV | Alveolar lavage fluid, skin lesion | 268 | 2 | 37 | AZ, FLC, MXF, VRC | Unknown | |
| 22 | 41 | M | Anti-TB treatment; hepatosplenomegaly; lymph node enlargement (ear, neck, and submaxillary); recurrent fever and cough for 4 mo; skin ulcers; weight loss | VZV | Blood | 207 | 1 | 42 | CEF, EMB, FLC, ITC, LVX, PZA, RMP, VRC | Unknown | |
| 23 | 29 | M | Anti-TB treatment; fever, cough, and expectoration for 1 mo; hepatosplenomegaly; prolonged fever for 5 mo; weight loss | TB | Pus (skin) | 73 | 2 | 38 | EMB, FLC, ITC, LVX, PZA, RMP | Unknown | |
| 24 | 46 | M | Fever and lymph node enlargement for 3 mo; hepatosplenomegaly; weight loss | Clonorchis sinensis, VZV | Pus (skin) | 124 | 1 | 37 | CEF, FLC, ITC, LVX, MXF | Unknown | |
| 25 | 57 | M | Chest pain; cough and expectoration for 2 mo; lymph node enlargement (supraclavicular, neck) for 6 mo; recurrent fever; weight loss | Pleural tissue | 85 | Unknown | 35 | AMB, CEF, LVX, MXF, VRC | Unknown | ||
| 26 | 64 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough and cervical lymph node enlargement for 10 mo; weight loss | Lymph node | 283 | 1 | 44 | AMB | Cured | ||
| 27 | 50 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration for >1 yr; recurrent fever for 2 mo; weight loss | DM, H/T | Blood | 55 | 2 | 41 | CEF, FLC, ITC, VRC | Death | |
| 28 | 68 | M | Anti-TB treatment; cough, expectoration, and fever for 1 mo; lymph node enlargement (armpit, mediastinum, groin); recurrent fever; weight loss | DM | E. cloacae | Lung tissue | 116 | 1 | 7 | AMB, CEF, IPM, LVX | Death |
| 29 | 67 | M | Erythema, papules, and pustules over entire body (Sweet’s syndrome); lymph node enlargement for 2 yr; recurrent fever for 2 yr | Salmonella spp. | Bone marrow, blood | 515 | Unknown | 22 | CEF, ITC, LVX, VRC | Unknown | |
| 30 | 65 | M | Cough and expectoration for 5 mo; fever for 2 mo; hepatomegaly; lymph node enlargement (armpit, groin); skin lesions | Bone marrow | 91 | 1 | 33 | CEF, MXF, VRC | Cured | ||
| 31 | 44 | M | Anti-TB treatment; chest pain; cough and expectoration; lymph node enlargement (mediastinum); recurrent fever for 9 mo; weight loss | Mycobacterium abscessus | Sputum (lung) | 312 | 1 | 27 | IPM, LZD, MXF, VRC | Cured | |
| 32 | 22 | M | Anti-TB treatment; hip pain for 8 mo; weight loss | Pyogenic osteomyelitis, thalassemia | Blood | 166 | 8 | 45 | VRC | Death | |
| 33 | 77 | M | Anti-TB treatment; neck mass for 10 mo; lymph node enlargement (cervical and pulmonary portal) for 10 mo; weight loss | Pus, skin lesion | 417 | 1 | 13 | LVX, INH, ITC, VRC | Persistent infection | ||
| 34 | 70 | F | Anti-TB treatment; fever; cough and expectoration; cervical lymph node enlargement for 1 mo; weight loss | VZV | Lymph node | 91 | 4 | 29 | LVX, FOX, VRC, ITC, RMP, EMB, INH, CAS, MXF, VA | Death | |
| 35 | 64 | M | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration for 3 mo; recurrent fever for 1 mo; weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid | 91 | 5 | 18 | AMB, ITC, TG, CDZ, ETM, VA, FLC, IPM | Persistent infection | ||
| 36 | 65 | M | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever and cough for 1 yr; Sweet’s syndrome; weight loss | DM, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease | Salmonella spp., TB | Pus (joint) | 305 | 5 | 21 | INH, RMP, EMB, MXF, AMB | Death |
| 37 | 53 | M | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever and abdominal pain; weight loss | Blood | 365 | 0 | 24 | CLI, EMB, MEM, TEC, CAS, VRC | Death | ||
| 38 | 61 | M | Recurrent fever, cough, and abdominal pain; weight loss | Salmonella spp. | Lung tissue | 210 | 1 | 16 | LVX, DOX, CHL | Death | |
| 39 | 56 | M | Recurrent fever and cough; lymph node enlargement; Sweet’s syndrome; weight loss | Lymph node | 30 | 2 | 19 | LVX, FLC, VRC, AMB | Cured | ||
| 40 | 33 | F | Anti-TB treatment; fever; chest pain, cough, and expectoration for 4 mo; Sweet’s syndrome; weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid | 515 | 1 | 13 | PTZ, CLI, RMP, INH, EMB, AMB, VRC | Unknown | ||
| 41 | 59 | M | Fever and cough for 20 d; weight loss | RI | VZV | Sputum, alveolar lavage fluid | 75 | 0 | 17 | VRC, MEM, LZD, TEC, CDZ, AMB, MXF, DOX, AN, ACV | Unknown |
| 42 | 63 | M | Neck mass for 1 mo; fever for 19 d; weight loss | EBV | Blood | 60 | 1 | 14 | LVX, CDZ, MEM, VA, VRC, AMB, PTZ, LZD | Persistent infection | |
| 43 | 50 | F | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent cough for 7 mo; recurrent fever for 5 mo; weight loss | VZV | Blood, alveolar lavage fluid | 240 | 0 | 15 | PSL, LVX, TCF, MXF, INH, RMP, EMB, PZA, AMB, ACV | Persistent infection | |
| 44 | 63 | M | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration for 8 mo | DM | Alveolar lavage fluid | 210 | 0 | 8 | CDZ, LVX, SCF, AMB | Persistent infection | |
| 45 | 64 | M | Cough and expectoration for 4 mo; fever for 7 d; weight loss | Embolism of pulmonary artery, acute kidney injury | VZV, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae | Lung tissue | 150 | 0 | 12 | PTZ, MXF, AMX, LVX, CDZ, SCF, CLI, FLC, IPM, VRC, LZD, SXT, MEM, VA, CAS, AMB, ACV, TG | Persistent infection |
| 46 | 50 | F | Anti-TB treatment; fever; right supraclavicular mass for 3 mo | Aspergillus | Blood, lymph node | 151 | 0 | 9 | INH, RPT, EMB, PZA, FOX, VRC | Persistent infection | |
| 47 | 68 | M | Recurrent fever and cough for 8 mo | DM, H/T | Blood | 240 | 0 | 12 | CDZ, CLI, SCF, MXF, VA, VRC | Death | |
| 48 | 72 | F | Recurrent fever for 6 mo | EBV, CMV | Lymph node | 181 | 1 | 11 | TG, AN, SCF, GCV, LVX, VRC | Death | |
| 49 | 49 | F | Anti-TB treatment; neck mass for 3 mo; fever for 15 d; weight loss | TB | Alveolar lavage fluid | 89 | 2 | 15 | INH, RMP, EMB, PZA, PTZ, LVX, AMB | Cured | |
| 50 | 45 | M | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent fever, cough, and expectoration for 3 mo; respiratory distress and asthma for 2 mo; weight loss | Alveolar lavage fluid | 90 | 0 | 15 | CDZ, MXF, MEM, VRC | Cured | ||
| 51 | 57 | M | Recurrent fever and cough for 1 mo | K. pneumoniae | Lung tissue | 29 | 1 | 20 | CLI, TCF, VA, VRC, AMB | Persistent infection | |
| 52 | 52 | F | Anti-TB treatment; repeated enlargement of cervical lymph node; recurrent cough and expectoration | M. abscessus | Lymph node | 62 | 1 | 23 | ITC, CXM, RMP, EMB, INH | Persistent infection | |
| 53 | 45 | M | Anti-TB treatment; recurrent cough and expectoration; weight loss | C. albicans | 120 | 1 | 14 | PSL, MXF, PTZ, LZD, INH, FLC, RMP, EMB | Persistent infection | ||
| 54 | 51 | M | Cough, expectoration, and fever for 1 mo | DM | VZV, Salmonella spp. | Blood | 28 | 1 | 18 | AMB, VRC, ITC | Persistent infection |
| 55 | 68 | M | Recurrent fever, cough, and expectoration for 1 mo; weight loss | C. albicans | Alveolar lavage fluid | 29 | 1 | 14 | CDZ, MXF, PTZ, ETM, FLC | Unknown | |
| A | 69 | M | Cough and expectoration for 5 d; hepatosplenomegaly; recurrent fever for 1 mo; weight loss | HBV, C. albicans | Blood | 30 | Unknown | 33 | CEF, VRC | Unknown | |
| B | 62 | F | Chest pain for 1 yr; recurrent fever for 3 mo; skin ulcers | Pus (skin) | 83 | Unknown | 19 | AMB, VRC | Unknown | ||
| C | 47 | F | Anti-TB treatment; cough and expectoration; hepatomegaly; recurrent fever; swollen lymph nodes for 3 mo | Lung tissue | 1,213 | 1 | 27 | LVX, MXF, VRC | Cured |
ACV, acyclovir; AMB, amphotericin B; AMX, amoxicillin; AN, amikacin; AZ, azithromycin; CAS, caspofungin; CDZ, cefodizime; CEF, ceftibuten; CHL, chloramphenicol; CLA, clarithromycin; CLI, clindamycin; CXM, cefuroxime; DM, diabetes mellitus; DOX, doxycycline; EMB, ethambutol; ETM, etimicin; F, female; FLC, fluconazole; FOX, cefoxitin; GCV, ganciclovir; H/T, hypertension; HBV, hepatitis B virus; INH, isoniazid; IPM, imipenem; ITC, itraconazole; LVX, levofloxacin; LZD, linezolid; M, male; MAC, Mycobacterium avium complex; MEM, meropenem; MXF, moxifloxacin; PSL, piperacillin/sulbactam; PTZ, piperacillin/tazobactam; PZA, pyrazinamide; RI, renal insufficiency; RMP, rifampin; RPT, rifapentine; SCF, sulbactam/cefoperazone; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TCF, tazobactam/cefoperazone; TEC, teicoplanin; TG, tigecycline; VA, vancomycin; VRC, voriconazole.
The definition of cure is “the patient has no sign or no recurrence of T. marneffei infection during the follow-up period.”