| Reference . | System . | Intact . | Skinning method . | [Mg2+] (mM) . | Ionic strength (mM) . | pH . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reuben et al. (1971) | Crayfish | EGTA | - | 300 | 7.0 | |
| Winegard (1971) | Frog cardiac | EDTA | 1 | - | 6.5–7.0 | |
| Matsubara and Elliott (1972) | Frog skeletal | X | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.0 |
| Godt (1974) | Frog skeletal | Dissection | 5 | 150 | 7.3 | |
| Wood et al. (1975) | Human skeletal | EGTA | 2–4 | - | 7.0 | |
| Moisescu (1976) | Frog skeletal | Dissection | 1 | 150 | 7.1 | |
| Godt and Maughan (1977) | Frog skeletal | X | Dissection | 3 | 150 | 7.0 |
| Best et al. (1977) | Rat cardiac | Homogenization | 0.05, 1 | 150 | 7.0 | |
| Trube (1978) | Mouse cardiac | Dissection (partial) | 4 | 132 | 7.0 | |
| Gordon (1978) | Rabbit smooth | Triton X-100 | 1.0–6.9 | 130 | 7.0 | |
| Stienen et al. (1983) | Frog skeletal | Freeze drying | 1.1 | 160 | 7.0 | |
| Fabiato and Fabiato (1975, 1978a, 1978b) | Rat cardiac | Dissection | 0.32 | 160 | 7.0 | |
| Fabiato and Fabiato (1978a) | Frog skeletal | Dissection | 0.32 | 160 | 7.0 | |
| Fabiato (1981) | Rat cardiac | X | EGTA | 1 | 160 | 7.1 |
| Fabiato (1981) | Rabbit cardiac | X | EGTA | 1 | 160 | 7.1 |
| Fabiato (1985b) | Canine cardiac | Dissection | 3 | 170 | 7.1 | |
| Hibberd and Jewell (1982) | Rat cardiac | Brij-58 | 0.3 | 200 | 7.0 | |
| Solaro et al. (1971, 1976); Solaro and Rüegg (1982) | Canine cardiac | Triton X-100 | Var | 100 | 7.0 | |
| Donaldson (1985) | Rabbit skeletal | Dissection | 1 | 150 | 7.0 | |
| Kentish et al. (1986) | Rat cardiac | X | Triton X-100 | 3 | 200 | 7.0 |
| Fill and Best (1988) | Frog skeletal | Dissection | 1 | 150 | 7.0 | |
| Lues et al. (1988) | Various cardiac | Triton X-100 | - | 140 | 6.7 | |
| Roos and Brady (1989) | Rat cardiac | X | Triton X-100 | - | 160 | 7.1 |
| Scheld et al. (1989) | Human cardiac | Lubrol PX | - | 140 | 6.7 | |
| Harrison and Bers (1989) | Rabbit cardiac | Triton X-100 | 2.2 | - | 7.0 | |
| Lamb and Stephenson (1990) | Toad skeletal | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.10 | |
| Gwathmey and Hajjar (1990) | Human cardiac | X | Saponin | 3 | 160 | 7.1 |
| Sweitzer and Moss (1990) | Rat cardia, rabbit skeletal | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Millar and Homsher (1990) | Rabbit skeletal | EGTA | 1 | 200 | 7.1 | |
| De Beer et al. (1992) | Rabbit skeletal | Freeze drying | - | - | - | |
| Gross et al. (1993) | Guinea pig cardiac | Triton X-100 | - | - | 7.4 | |
| Gao et al. (1994) | Rat cardiac | X | Triton X-100 | 1.2 | - | 7.0 |
| Wolff et al. (1995a) | Canine cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Edes et al. (1995) | Guinea pig cardiac | Saponin | - | 160 | 7.4 | |
| Araujo and Walker (1996) | Rat cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | - | |
| Allen et al. (2000) | Rat cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1–8 | 150 | 7.0 | |
| Posterino et al. (2000) | Rat skeletal | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.1 | |
| Irving et al. (2000) | Rat trabeculae | X | Triton X-100 | - | 200 | 7.35 |
| Patel et al. (2001) | Mouse cardiac | Saponin + Triton X-100 | - | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Konhilas et al. (2002) | Rat trabeculae | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | - | |
| Luo et al. (2002) | Rabbit skeletal | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Fukuda et al. (2003) | Bovine cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Prado et al. (2005) | Rabbit skeletal | X | Triton X-100 | - | 180 | 7.0 |
| Fukuda et al. (2005) | Bovine and rat cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Stelzer et al. (2006) | Mouse cardiac | Saponin + Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Terui et al. (2010) | Pig cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Gillis and Klaiman (2011) | Fish cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 170 | 7.0 | |
| Curtin et al. (2015) | Rabbit skeletal | X | Triton X-100 | 2 | 200 | 7.1 |
| Li et al. (2016) | Rabbit skeletal | Triton X-100 | - | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Land et al. (2017) | Human cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 200 | 7.1 | |
| Stehle (2017) | Guinea pig cardiac | Triton X-100 | - | 170 | 7.0 | |
| Breithaupt et al. (2019) | Rat cardiac | Glycerol + Triton X-100 | 1 | 200 | 7.0 | |
| Giles et al. (2019) | Mouse cardiac | Saponin + Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Azimi et al. (2020) | Rat skeletal | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.1 | |
| Rebbeck et al. (2020) | Human and rat skeletal | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.4 | |
| Palmer et al. (2020) | Mouse cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 200 | 7.0 |
| Reference . | System . | Intact . | Skinning method . | [Mg2+] (mM) . | Ionic strength (mM) . | pH . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reuben et al. (1971) | Crayfish | EGTA | - | 300 | 7.0 | |
| Winegard (1971) | Frog cardiac | EDTA | 1 | - | 6.5–7.0 | |
| Matsubara and Elliott (1972) | Frog skeletal | X | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.0 |
| Godt (1974) | Frog skeletal | Dissection | 5 | 150 | 7.3 | |
| Wood et al. (1975) | Human skeletal | EGTA | 2–4 | - | 7.0 | |
| Moisescu (1976) | Frog skeletal | Dissection | 1 | 150 | 7.1 | |
| Godt and Maughan (1977) | Frog skeletal | X | Dissection | 3 | 150 | 7.0 |
| Best et al. (1977) | Rat cardiac | Homogenization | 0.05, 1 | 150 | 7.0 | |
| Trube (1978) | Mouse cardiac | Dissection (partial) | 4 | 132 | 7.0 | |
| Gordon (1978) | Rabbit smooth | Triton X-100 | 1.0–6.9 | 130 | 7.0 | |
| Stienen et al. (1983) | Frog skeletal | Freeze drying | 1.1 | 160 | 7.0 | |
| Fabiato and Fabiato (1975, 1978a, 1978b) | Rat cardiac | Dissection | 0.32 | 160 | 7.0 | |
| Fabiato and Fabiato (1978a) | Frog skeletal | Dissection | 0.32 | 160 | 7.0 | |
| Fabiato (1981) | Rat cardiac | X | EGTA | 1 | 160 | 7.1 |
| Fabiato (1981) | Rabbit cardiac | X | EGTA | 1 | 160 | 7.1 |
| Fabiato (1985b) | Canine cardiac | Dissection | 3 | 170 | 7.1 | |
| Hibberd and Jewell (1982) | Rat cardiac | Brij-58 | 0.3 | 200 | 7.0 | |
| Solaro et al. (1971, 1976); Solaro and Rüegg (1982) | Canine cardiac | Triton X-100 | Var | 100 | 7.0 | |
| Donaldson (1985) | Rabbit skeletal | Dissection | 1 | 150 | 7.0 | |
| Kentish et al. (1986) | Rat cardiac | X | Triton X-100 | 3 | 200 | 7.0 |
| Fill and Best (1988) | Frog skeletal | Dissection | 1 | 150 | 7.0 | |
| Lues et al. (1988) | Various cardiac | Triton X-100 | - | 140 | 6.7 | |
| Roos and Brady (1989) | Rat cardiac | X | Triton X-100 | - | 160 | 7.1 |
| Scheld et al. (1989) | Human cardiac | Lubrol PX | - | 140 | 6.7 | |
| Harrison and Bers (1989) | Rabbit cardiac | Triton X-100 | 2.2 | - | 7.0 | |
| Lamb and Stephenson (1990) | Toad skeletal | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.10 | |
| Gwathmey and Hajjar (1990) | Human cardiac | X | Saponin | 3 | 160 | 7.1 |
| Sweitzer and Moss (1990) | Rat cardia, rabbit skeletal | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Millar and Homsher (1990) | Rabbit skeletal | EGTA | 1 | 200 | 7.1 | |
| De Beer et al. (1992) | Rabbit skeletal | Freeze drying | - | - | - | |
| Gross et al. (1993) | Guinea pig cardiac | Triton X-100 | - | - | 7.4 | |
| Gao et al. (1994) | Rat cardiac | X | Triton X-100 | 1.2 | - | 7.0 |
| Wolff et al. (1995a) | Canine cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Edes et al. (1995) | Guinea pig cardiac | Saponin | - | 160 | 7.4 | |
| Araujo and Walker (1996) | Rat cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | - | |
| Allen et al. (2000) | Rat cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1–8 | 150 | 7.0 | |
| Posterino et al. (2000) | Rat skeletal | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.1 | |
| Irving et al. (2000) | Rat trabeculae | X | Triton X-100 | - | 200 | 7.35 |
| Patel et al. (2001) | Mouse cardiac | Saponin + Triton X-100 | - | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Konhilas et al. (2002) | Rat trabeculae | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | - | |
| Luo et al. (2002) | Rabbit skeletal | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Fukuda et al. (2003) | Bovine cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Prado et al. (2005) | Rabbit skeletal | X | Triton X-100 | - | 180 | 7.0 |
| Fukuda et al. (2005) | Bovine and rat cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Stelzer et al. (2006) | Mouse cardiac | Saponin + Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Terui et al. (2010) | Pig cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Gillis and Klaiman (2011) | Fish cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 170 | 7.0 | |
| Curtin et al. (2015) | Rabbit skeletal | X | Triton X-100 | 2 | 200 | 7.1 |
| Li et al. (2016) | Rabbit skeletal | Triton X-100 | - | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Land et al. (2017) | Human cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 200 | 7.1 | |
| Stehle (2017) | Guinea pig cardiac | Triton X-100 | - | 170 | 7.0 | |
| Breithaupt et al. (2019) | Rat cardiac | Glycerol + Triton X-100 | 1 | 200 | 7.0 | |
| Giles et al. (2019) | Mouse cardiac | Saponin + Triton X-100 | 1 | 180 | 7.0 | |
| Azimi et al. (2020) | Rat skeletal | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.1 | |
| Rebbeck et al. (2020) | Human and rat skeletal | Dissection | 1 | - | 7.4 | |
| Palmer et al. (2020) | Mouse cardiac | Triton X-100 | 1 | 200 | 7.0 |
A mark (X) in the Intact column indicates studies that directly compared measurements on both intact and skinned muscle (either performed within the same study or by considering previously published results). Var, variable.