Table 1. Values of material properties... | Rockefeller University Press

Table 1.

Values of material properties used in finite-element simulations

	Water	Polystyrene	Brain tissue
Density (kg/m³)	1,000^a	1,040^b	1,007^c
Speed of sound (m/s)	1,500^a	2,300^b	1,538^c
Attenuation coefficient at 43 MHz (neper/m)	46^d	160^e	253^f
Heat capacity (J/kg·K)	4,180^a	1,200^g	3,500^h
Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)	0.6^a	0.1^g	0.5^h
Young’s modulus (Pa)	Not applicable	10⁹ⁱ	500^j
Poisson’s ratio	Not applicable	0.4ⁱ	0.4998^k
Shear viscosity (Pa·s)	Not applicable	Not applicable	1^l

	Water	Polystyrene	Brain tissue
Density (kg/m³)	1,000^a	1,040^b	1,007^c
Speed of sound (m/s)	1,500^a	2,300^b	1,538^c
Attenuation coefficient at 43 MHz (neper/m)	46^d	160^e	253^f
Heat capacity (J/kg·K)	4,180^a	1,200^g	3,500^h
Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)	0.6^a	0.1^g	0.5^h
Young’s modulus (Pa)	Not applicable	10⁹ⁱ	500^j
Poisson’s ratio	Not applicable	0.4ⁱ	0.4998^k
Shear viscosity (Pa·s)	Not applicable	Not applicable	1^l

Standard value.

Based on typical acoustic properties of plastics (Selfridge, 1985).

Following Menz et al. (2019), based onThijssen et al. (1985).

Chemical Rubber Company, 1965.

Measured (Prieto et al., 2018)

Following Menz et al. (2019), based onde Korte et al. (1994).

Based on typical thermal properties of plastics (Gaur and Wunderlich, 1982; Harper, 2006).

Typical values for soft tissues (Hand, 1998).

Based on typical mechanical properties of plastics (Harper, 2006).

Menz et al. (2019), from measurements of ultrasound-induced displacement in the retina.

Tissue assumed to be incompressible for small deformations.

See text under Physical mechanism of neuromodulation by high-frequency ultrasound.