| Activation mechanism and stimulation . | Model system . | Electrophysiology . | ATP release . | Dye permeation . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pressure or stretch | |||||
| Negative pressure (∼40 mbar) | Recombinant PANX1 in Xenopus oocytes | Single-channel recording; inhibitor NA | NA | NA | Bao et al., 2004 |
| Pressure | Native PANX1 in human erythrocytes | Single-channel recording; inhibitor NA | NA | NA | Locovei et al., 2006a |
| Stretch (15 or 30 cmH2O) | Native Panx1 in rat bladders | NA | CBX (100 µM); BB FCF (100 µM) | NA | Beckel et al., 2015 |
| Hypotonicity | Native PANX1 in human erythrocytes | NA | CBX (100 µM) | Inhibitor NA | Locovei et al., 2006a |
| Hypotonicity | Native PANX1 in human bronchial epithelial cells | NA | CBX (10 µM); 10Panx1 (30 µM) | CBX (10 µM); 10Panx1 (30 µM) | Seminario-Vidal et al., 2011 |
| Hypotonicity | Native PANX1 in A549 cells | NA | PANX1 siRNA | PANX1 siRNA | Seminario-Vidal et al., 2011 |
| Hypotonicity | Native Panx1 in mouse tracheas | NA | Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Seminario-Vidal et al., 2011 |
| Hypotonicity | Native PANX1 in CN-LM1A and MDA-LM2 cellsa | NA | CBX (500 µM)b | NA | Furlow et al., 2015 |
| Hypotonicity and 75 mM extracellular K+ | Native Panx1 in mouse erythrocytes | NA | Probenecid (1 mM); Panx1−/−±probenecid | Panx1−/− | Qiu et al., 2011 |
| Extracellular K+ | |||||
| 20∼150 mM K+ | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | Whole-cell current; CBX (100 µM); probenecid (1 mM) | CBX (100 µM); probenecid (100 or 500 µM) | NA | Silverman et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2014 |
| 150 mM K+ | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | Single-channel recording; inhibitor NA | CBX (100 µM) | NA | Wang et al., 2014 |
| ? mM K+ | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | NA | BB FCF (10 µM) | NA | Wang et al., 2013 |
| 50 mM K+ | Native PANX1 in 1321N1 cells | NA | NA | Panx1 shRNA | Silverman et al., 2009 |
| 10 mM K+ | Native Panx1 in mouse hippocampal slides | NA | Mefloquine (100 nM); Panx1−/− | Mefloquine (100 nM); Panx1−/− | Santiago et al., 2011 |
| 10 mM K+ | Native Panx1 in mouse astrocytes | Whole-cell current; Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Suadicani et al., 2012 |
| 75 mM extracellular K+ and hypotonicity | Native Panx1 in mouse erythrocytes | NA | Probenecid (1 mM); Panx1−/−±probenecid | Panx1−/− | Qiu et al., 2011 |
| Intracellular Ca2+ | |||||
| Ca2+ (0.1 µM∼10 mM) | Recombinant PANX1 in Xenopus oocytes | Inside-out macropatch; single-channel recording; inhibitor NA | NA | NA | Locovei et al., 2006b |
| A23187 (200 µM) | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | Whole-cell current; inhibitor NA | NA | NA | Locovei et al., 2006b |
| Ionomycin (10 µM) | Recombinant PANX1 in N2A cells | NA | NA | Inhibitor NA | Kurtenbach et al., 2013 |
| Thrombin (30 nM) | Native PANX1 in A549 cells | NA | CBX (10 µM); BAPTA-AM (20 µM); thapsigargin (1 µM) | CBX (10 µM); BAPTA-AM (20 µM) | Seminario-Vidal et al., 2009 |
| Thrombin (1 or 1,000 U/ml) | Native PANX1 in HUVECs | NA | CBX (5 µM); PANX1 shRNA; BAPTA-AM (5 µM) | NA | Gödecke et al., 2012 |
| Caffeine (concentration NA) | Recombinant Panx1 in rat atrial myocytes | Single-channel recording; CBX (20 µM); probenecid (200 µM) | NA | NA | Kienitz et al., 2011 |
| SFK-mediated phosphorylation | |||||
| NMDA (100 µM) | Native Panx1 in rat hippocampal neurons | Whole-cell current; CBX (50 µM); 10Panx1 (100 µM); Panx1 shRNA | NA | CBX (50 µM); 10Panx1 (100 µM) | Thompson et al., 2008; Weilinger et al., 2016 |
| Anoxia | Native Panx1 in rat CA1 neurons | Whole-cell current; 10Panx1 (100 µM)±APV (50 µM); probenecid (500 µM); brain-specific Panx1−/−; TAT-Panx305-318 peptide (1 or 10 µM) | NA | NA | Weilinger et al., 2012 |
| TNFα (10 ng/ml) | Native PANX1 in HUVECs | NA | CBX (50 µM); 10Panx1 (200 µM); Panx1 siRNA; endothelial cell–specific Panx1−/− | 10Panx1 (200 µM) | Lohman et al., 2015 |
| TNFα (50 ng/ml) | Native Panx1 in mouse venous endothelia | NA | Endothelial cell–specific Panx1−/− | NA | Lohman et al., 2015 |
| BzATP (50 or 300 µM) | Native Panx1 in J774 cells | Whole-cell current; CBX (50 µM); mefloquine (100 nM); Panx1 siRNA | NA | CBX (50 µM); mefloquine (10 nM); Panx1 siRNA | Iglesias et al., 2008 |
| BzATP (300 µM) | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | Whole-cell current; inhibitor NA | NA | Inhibitor NA | Iglesias et al., 2008 |
| BzATP (300 µM) | Native Panx1 in peritoneal macrophage from A/J mice | NA | NA | CBX (10 µM); 10Panx1 (300 µM) | Sorge et al., 2012 |
| BzATP (300 µM) | Native Panx1 in mouse astrocytes | Whole-cell current; CBX (50 µM); mefloquine (100 nM); Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Suadicani et al., 2012 |
| C-tail cleavage | |||||
| Anti-Fas (5 µg/ml) | Native PANX1 in Jurkat cells | Whole-cell current; CBX (10∼500 µM); probenecid (10 µM∼2 mM); CBX (100 µM)+PANX1 siRNA | CBX (500 µM)c; probenecid (2 mM); PANX1 siRNA | PANX1 siRNA; CBX (500 µM) | Chekeni et al., 2010 |
| Anti-Fas (5 µg/ml) | Native Panx1 in mouse thymocytes | NA | NA | CBX (500 µM) | Chekeni et al., 2010 |
| Anti-Fas (5 µg/ml) | Recombinant PANX1 in Jurkat cells | Whole-cell current; caspase site-deficient PANX1; CBX (100 µM) | Caspase site-deficient PANX1 | Caspase site-deficient PANX1 | Chekeni et al., 2010 |
| Anti-Fas (5 µg/ml) | Native Panx1 in mouse thymocytes | NA | NA | Panx1−/− | Qu et al., 2011 |
| Dexamethasone (0.5 µM) | Native Panx1 in mouse thymocytes | NA | Panx1−/− | NA | Qu et al., 2011 |
| C-tail truncationc | Recombinant PANX1 in Jurkat cells | Whole-cell current; CBX (100 µM) | NA | Inhibitor NA | Chekeni et al., 2010 |
| Caspase 3 | Native PANX1 in Jurkat cells; Recombinant PANX1 in HEK293T cells | Inside-out macropatch; Single-channel recording; CBX (50 µM) | NA | NA | Sandilos et al., 2012; Chiu et al., 2017 |
| TEV proteased | Recombinant PANX1 in HEK293T cells | Whole-cell current; Inside-out macropatch; CBX (50 µM) | NA | Inhibitor NA | Sandilos et al., 2012 |
| LPS (50 ng/ml) | Native Panx1 in bone marrow–derived macrophage | NA | CBX (50 µM); probenecid (100 µM); trovafloxacin (100 µM); Panx1−/− | NA | Yang et al., 2015 |
| LPS (50 ng/ml) | Recombinant Panx1 in bone marrow–derived macrophage | NA | Panx1−/− with Panx1-D378A | NA | Yang et al., 2015 |
| Activation mechanism and stimulation . | Model system . | Electrophysiology . | ATP release . | Dye permeation . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pressure or stretch | |||||
| Negative pressure (∼40 mbar) | Recombinant PANX1 in Xenopus oocytes | Single-channel recording; inhibitor NA | NA | NA | Bao et al., 2004 |
| Pressure | Native PANX1 in human erythrocytes | Single-channel recording; inhibitor NA | NA | NA | Locovei et al., 2006a |
| Stretch (15 or 30 cmH2O) | Native Panx1 in rat bladders | NA | CBX (100 µM); BB FCF (100 µM) | NA | Beckel et al., 2015 |
| Hypotonicity | Native PANX1 in human erythrocytes | NA | CBX (100 µM) | Inhibitor NA | Locovei et al., 2006a |
| Hypotonicity | Native PANX1 in human bronchial epithelial cells | NA | CBX (10 µM); 10Panx1 (30 µM) | CBX (10 µM); 10Panx1 (30 µM) | Seminario-Vidal et al., 2011 |
| Hypotonicity | Native PANX1 in A549 cells | NA | PANX1 siRNA | PANX1 siRNA | Seminario-Vidal et al., 2011 |
| Hypotonicity | Native Panx1 in mouse tracheas | NA | Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Seminario-Vidal et al., 2011 |
| Hypotonicity | Native PANX1 in CN-LM1A and MDA-LM2 cellsa | NA | CBX (500 µM)b | NA | Furlow et al., 2015 |
| Hypotonicity and 75 mM extracellular K+ | Native Panx1 in mouse erythrocytes | NA | Probenecid (1 mM); Panx1−/−±probenecid | Panx1−/− | Qiu et al., 2011 |
| Extracellular K+ | |||||
| 20∼150 mM K+ | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | Whole-cell current; CBX (100 µM); probenecid (1 mM) | CBX (100 µM); probenecid (100 or 500 µM) | NA | Silverman et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2014 |
| 150 mM K+ | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | Single-channel recording; inhibitor NA | CBX (100 µM) | NA | Wang et al., 2014 |
| ? mM K+ | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | NA | BB FCF (10 µM) | NA | Wang et al., 2013 |
| 50 mM K+ | Native PANX1 in 1321N1 cells | NA | NA | Panx1 shRNA | Silverman et al., 2009 |
| 10 mM K+ | Native Panx1 in mouse hippocampal slides | NA | Mefloquine (100 nM); Panx1−/− | Mefloquine (100 nM); Panx1−/− | Santiago et al., 2011 |
| 10 mM K+ | Native Panx1 in mouse astrocytes | Whole-cell current; Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Suadicani et al., 2012 |
| 75 mM extracellular K+ and hypotonicity | Native Panx1 in mouse erythrocytes | NA | Probenecid (1 mM); Panx1−/−±probenecid | Panx1−/− | Qiu et al., 2011 |
| Intracellular Ca2+ | |||||
| Ca2+ (0.1 µM∼10 mM) | Recombinant PANX1 in Xenopus oocytes | Inside-out macropatch; single-channel recording; inhibitor NA | NA | NA | Locovei et al., 2006b |
| A23187 (200 µM) | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | Whole-cell current; inhibitor NA | NA | NA | Locovei et al., 2006b |
| Ionomycin (10 µM) | Recombinant PANX1 in N2A cells | NA | NA | Inhibitor NA | Kurtenbach et al., 2013 |
| Thrombin (30 nM) | Native PANX1 in A549 cells | NA | CBX (10 µM); BAPTA-AM (20 µM); thapsigargin (1 µM) | CBX (10 µM); BAPTA-AM (20 µM) | Seminario-Vidal et al., 2009 |
| Thrombin (1 or 1,000 U/ml) | Native PANX1 in HUVECs | NA | CBX (5 µM); PANX1 shRNA; BAPTA-AM (5 µM) | NA | Gödecke et al., 2012 |
| Caffeine (concentration NA) | Recombinant Panx1 in rat atrial myocytes | Single-channel recording; CBX (20 µM); probenecid (200 µM) | NA | NA | Kienitz et al., 2011 |
| SFK-mediated phosphorylation | |||||
| NMDA (100 µM) | Native Panx1 in rat hippocampal neurons | Whole-cell current; CBX (50 µM); 10Panx1 (100 µM); Panx1 shRNA | NA | CBX (50 µM); 10Panx1 (100 µM) | Thompson et al., 2008; Weilinger et al., 2016 |
| Anoxia | Native Panx1 in rat CA1 neurons | Whole-cell current; 10Panx1 (100 µM)±APV (50 µM); probenecid (500 µM); brain-specific Panx1−/−; TAT-Panx305-318 peptide (1 or 10 µM) | NA | NA | Weilinger et al., 2012 |
| TNFα (10 ng/ml) | Native PANX1 in HUVECs | NA | CBX (50 µM); 10Panx1 (200 µM); Panx1 siRNA; endothelial cell–specific Panx1−/− | 10Panx1 (200 µM) | Lohman et al., 2015 |
| TNFα (50 ng/ml) | Native Panx1 in mouse venous endothelia | NA | Endothelial cell–specific Panx1−/− | NA | Lohman et al., 2015 |
| BzATP (50 or 300 µM) | Native Panx1 in J774 cells | Whole-cell current; CBX (50 µM); mefloquine (100 nM); Panx1 siRNA | NA | CBX (50 µM); mefloquine (10 nM); Panx1 siRNA | Iglesias et al., 2008 |
| BzATP (300 µM) | Recombinant Panx1 in Xenopus oocytes | Whole-cell current; inhibitor NA | NA | Inhibitor NA | Iglesias et al., 2008 |
| BzATP (300 µM) | Native Panx1 in peritoneal macrophage from A/J mice | NA | NA | CBX (10 µM); 10Panx1 (300 µM) | Sorge et al., 2012 |
| BzATP (300 µM) | Native Panx1 in mouse astrocytes | Whole-cell current; CBX (50 µM); mefloquine (100 nM); Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Panx1−/− | Suadicani et al., 2012 |
| C-tail cleavage | |||||
| Anti-Fas (5 µg/ml) | Native PANX1 in Jurkat cells | Whole-cell current; CBX (10∼500 µM); probenecid (10 µM∼2 mM); CBX (100 µM)+PANX1 siRNA | CBX (500 µM)c; probenecid (2 mM); PANX1 siRNA | PANX1 siRNA; CBX (500 µM) | Chekeni et al., 2010 |
| Anti-Fas (5 µg/ml) | Native Panx1 in mouse thymocytes | NA | NA | CBX (500 µM) | Chekeni et al., 2010 |
| Anti-Fas (5 µg/ml) | Recombinant PANX1 in Jurkat cells | Whole-cell current; caspase site-deficient PANX1; CBX (100 µM) | Caspase site-deficient PANX1 | Caspase site-deficient PANX1 | Chekeni et al., 2010 |
| Anti-Fas (5 µg/ml) | Native Panx1 in mouse thymocytes | NA | NA | Panx1−/− | Qu et al., 2011 |
| Dexamethasone (0.5 µM) | Native Panx1 in mouse thymocytes | NA | Panx1−/− | NA | Qu et al., 2011 |
| C-tail truncationc | Recombinant PANX1 in Jurkat cells | Whole-cell current; CBX (100 µM) | NA | Inhibitor NA | Chekeni et al., 2010 |
| Caspase 3 | Native PANX1 in Jurkat cells; Recombinant PANX1 in HEK293T cells | Inside-out macropatch; Single-channel recording; CBX (50 µM) | NA | NA | Sandilos et al., 2012; Chiu et al., 2017 |
| TEV proteased | Recombinant PANX1 in HEK293T cells | Whole-cell current; Inside-out macropatch; CBX (50 µM) | NA | Inhibitor NA | Sandilos et al., 2012 |
| LPS (50 ng/ml) | Native Panx1 in bone marrow–derived macrophage | NA | CBX (50 µM); probenecid (100 µM); trovafloxacin (100 µM); Panx1−/− | NA | Yang et al., 2015 |
| LPS (50 ng/ml) | Recombinant Panx1 in bone marrow–derived macrophage | NA | Panx1−/− with Panx1-D378A | NA | Yang et al., 2015 |
NA, data not available or unknown.
The cells endogenously express both wild-type and a truncated form of PANX1, which only expresses amino acid 1-89 of PANX1.
High concentration of CBX is required for inhibition of ATP release if albumin is present in the assay system (Chekeni et al., 2010).
A C-terminal truncated PANX1 (amino acid 1-371) was used in the study.
This study used a mutant human PANX1, with its caspase cleavage site replaced by a TEV protease cleavage site.