| Assay . | Measured Vi-specific humoral response . | Vi-PS antigen (native or biotinylated) . |
|---|---|---|
| Antibody quantification | ||
| ELISA | IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA, IgM | Native |
| BAMA | IgG1, IgG2, IgA, IgA1, IgA2 | Native |
| IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA | Biotinylated | |
| Antibody avidity | ||
| BAMA-AI | IgG1 AI, IgA, AI IgA1 AI, IgA2 AI | Native |
| IgG1 AI, IgG2 AI, IgG3 AI, IgA AI | Biotinylated | |
| Functional properties | ||
| ADCD | Complement deposition | Biotinylated |
| ADCP | Cellular phagocytosis (monocyte) | Biotinylated |
| ADNP | Neutrophil phagocytosis | Biotinylated |
| ADNKDA | NK cell MIP-1β release, IFNγ release, CD107a expression | Biotinylated |
| ADNOB | Neutrophil oxidative burst | Biotinylated |
| FcR binding | ||
| Luminex | FcαR binding, FcγR2A binding, FcγR2B binding, FcγR3A binding, FcγR3B binding | Biotinylated |
| Assay . | Measured Vi-specific humoral response . | Vi-PS antigen (native or biotinylated) . |
|---|---|---|
| Antibody quantification | ||
| ELISA | IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA, IgM | Native |
| BAMA | IgG1, IgG2, IgA, IgA1, IgA2 | Native |
| IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA | Biotinylated | |
| Antibody avidity | ||
| BAMA-AI | IgG1 AI, IgA, AI IgA1 AI, IgA2 AI | Native |
| IgG1 AI, IgG2 AI, IgG3 AI, IgA AI | Biotinylated | |
| Functional properties | ||
| ADCD | Complement deposition | Biotinylated |
| ADCP | Cellular phagocytosis (monocyte) | Biotinylated |
| ADNP | Neutrophil phagocytosis | Biotinylated |
| ADNKDA | NK cell MIP-1β release, IFNγ release, CD107a expression | Biotinylated |
| ADNOB | Neutrophil oxidative burst | Biotinylated |
| FcR binding | ||
| Luminex | FcαR binding, FcγR2A binding, FcγR2B binding, FcγR3A binding, FcγR3B binding | Biotinylated |
35 Vi-specific humoral responses were evaluated using different assay techniques on day 0 (before vaccination) and days 28, 118, and 208. Univariate analyses (comparing responses between time points within vaccine groups, across vaccine groups, and between diagnosed and protected participants) were performed for each individual antibody feature listed. Multivariate analyses included 34 of 35 of the antibody features listed; Vi IgG3 AI was not included in the multivariate analyses, as ≥25% of values were missing. Assays were performed using native Vi-PS or biotinylated Vi-PS.