Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test continuous variables for normal distribution. Data are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number (%). Continuous data with normal distribution were analyzed by two-tailed Student t test. Nonnormally distributed continuous data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical data are shown as frequency (%) and were analyzed by χ² test. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA_1C, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol; mIU, milli–international units; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; W/H, waist-to-hip ratio; I₀, blood insulin level after over night fasting; I₃₀ and I₁₂₀, blood insulin level at 30 or 120 min point after oral glucose tolerance test; G₃₀ and G₁₂₀, blood insulin level at 30 or 120 min point after oral glucose tolerance test.