| Cause . | IL-17–induced response . | Outcome . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beneficial functions | |||
| C.albicans infection | Neutrophilia (via the induction of G-CSF, CXCL1, etc.) and production of antimicrobial peptides | Clearance of invading fungi | Bär et al., 2014;Conti et al., 2009;Huang et al., 2004; Kagami et al., 2010; Sparber et al., 2018; |
| Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections | Neutrophilia (via the induction of G-CSF, CXCL1, etc.) and production of antimicrobial peptides | Clearance of invading extracellular bacteria | Cho et al., 2010; DeLyria et al., 2009;Ferreira et al., 2009; Khader et al., 2007; Priebe et al., 2008 |
| SFB colonization | Production of α-defensin and induction of Pigir, which increased IgA trancytosis | Limiting the SFB expansion | Kumar et al., 2016 |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization | Upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9, and recruitment of neutrophils | Preventing fungal infection | Naik et al., 2015 |
| Colonization by mucosal-resident commensals | Production of RegIIIγ and induction of Pigir, increasing IgA transcytosis | Reinforced intestinal immune barrier | Martínez-López et al., 2019 |
| Acute ETBF colonization | Mucosal proliferation and recruitment of leukocyte | Fight infection and restore the barrier integrity | Geis et al., 2015 |
| Mechanical injury to the skin | Expression of antimicrobial molecules, including RegIIIγ; activation of Lrig1+ skin stem cells and induction of progenies from Lrig1+ cells for tissue repair | Wound closure | Chen et al., 2019; MacLeod et al., 2013 |
| Damage to intestinal epithelium | Enhanced tight junctions among epithelial cells; induction of Plet1+ progenitor cells for tissue repair | Reinforced intestinal physical barrier, restoration of intestinal epithelium | Lee et al., 2015; Song et al., 2015; Zepp et al., 2017 |
| CDE-induced liver inflammation | Liver progenitor cell expansion and differentiation | Liver regeneration | Guillot et al., 2018 |
| Bone injury | Activation of osteoblast | Bone regeneration | Ono et al., 2016 |
| Pathogenic functions | |||
| Chronic ETBF colonization in mice with oncogenic mutation | Recruitment of polymorphonuclear myeloid cells | Colon tumorigenesis | Chung et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2009; Housseau and Sears, 2010; Geis et al., 2015 |
| Oncogenic mutation (Kras, loss of p53)–induced dysbiosis in the lung | Recruitment of neutrophils | Formation of lung adenocarcinoma | Jin et al., 2019 |
| Chemical-induced liver damage | Recruitment of MDSCs | Liver tumorigenesis | Sun et al., 2016 |
| Chemical/wounding-induced skin inflammation and injury | Proliferation of Lrig1+ skin stem, expansion and migration of progenies of Lrig1+ stem cells for tissue repair | Skin tumorigenesis | Chen et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2009; Wu et al., 2015 |
| Damage to intestinal epithelium | Induction of Plet1+ progenitor cells for tissue repair | Colon tumorigenesis | Zepp et al., 2017 |
| Compromised intestinal barrier integrity from loss of tumor suppressor geneApc | Proliferation of transformed enterocytes, induction of IL-6 | Colon tumorigenesis | Wang et al., 2014; Grivennikov et al., 2012 |
| Oncogenic mutation (Kras) | Induction of stem cell phenotype in transformed pancreatic cells | Pancreatic tumorigenesis | McAllister et al., 2014;Zhang et al., 2018 |
| Cause . | IL-17–induced response . | Outcome . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beneficial functions | |||
| C.albicans infection | Neutrophilia (via the induction of G-CSF, CXCL1, etc.) and production of antimicrobial peptides | Clearance of invading fungi | Bär et al., 2014;Conti et al., 2009;Huang et al., 2004; Kagami et al., 2010; Sparber et al., 2018; |
| Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections | Neutrophilia (via the induction of G-CSF, CXCL1, etc.) and production of antimicrobial peptides | Clearance of invading extracellular bacteria | Cho et al., 2010; DeLyria et al., 2009;Ferreira et al., 2009; Khader et al., 2007; Priebe et al., 2008 |
| SFB colonization | Production of α-defensin and induction of Pigir, which increased IgA trancytosis | Limiting the SFB expansion | Kumar et al., 2016 |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization | Upregulation of S100A8 and S100A9, and recruitment of neutrophils | Preventing fungal infection | Naik et al., 2015 |
| Colonization by mucosal-resident commensals | Production of RegIIIγ and induction of Pigir, increasing IgA transcytosis | Reinforced intestinal immune barrier | Martínez-López et al., 2019 |
| Acute ETBF colonization | Mucosal proliferation and recruitment of leukocyte | Fight infection and restore the barrier integrity | Geis et al., 2015 |
| Mechanical injury to the skin | Expression of antimicrobial molecules, including RegIIIγ; activation of Lrig1+ skin stem cells and induction of progenies from Lrig1+ cells for tissue repair | Wound closure | Chen et al., 2019; MacLeod et al., 2013 |
| Damage to intestinal epithelium | Enhanced tight junctions among epithelial cells; induction of Plet1+ progenitor cells for tissue repair | Reinforced intestinal physical barrier, restoration of intestinal epithelium | Lee et al., 2015; Song et al., 2015; Zepp et al., 2017 |
| CDE-induced liver inflammation | Liver progenitor cell expansion and differentiation | Liver regeneration | Guillot et al., 2018 |
| Bone injury | Activation of osteoblast | Bone regeneration | Ono et al., 2016 |
| Pathogenic functions | |||
| Chronic ETBF colonization in mice with oncogenic mutation | Recruitment of polymorphonuclear myeloid cells | Colon tumorigenesis | Chung et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2009; Housseau and Sears, 2010; Geis et al., 2015 |
| Oncogenic mutation (Kras, loss of p53)–induced dysbiosis in the lung | Recruitment of neutrophils | Formation of lung adenocarcinoma | Jin et al., 2019 |
| Chemical-induced liver damage | Recruitment of MDSCs | Liver tumorigenesis | Sun et al., 2016 |
| Chemical/wounding-induced skin inflammation and injury | Proliferation of Lrig1+ skin stem, expansion and migration of progenies of Lrig1+ stem cells for tissue repair | Skin tumorigenesis | Chen et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2009; Wu et al., 2015 |
| Damage to intestinal epithelium | Induction of Plet1+ progenitor cells for tissue repair | Colon tumorigenesis | Zepp et al., 2017 |
| Compromised intestinal barrier integrity from loss of tumor suppressor geneApc | Proliferation of transformed enterocytes, induction of IL-6 | Colon tumorigenesis | Wang et al., 2014; Grivennikov et al., 2012 |
| Oncogenic mutation (Kras) | Induction of stem cell phenotype in transformed pancreatic cells | Pancreatic tumorigenesis | McAllister et al., 2014;Zhang et al., 2018 |
Gray shading indicates induction of inflammatory mediators; yellow shading indicates activation of cell proliferation. CDE, ethionine-supplemented; SFB, segmented filamentous bacteria.