Table 1.

Retrospective clinical studies assessing the correlation between pregnancy and allograft outcome

AuthorNo. of transplantsOutcome
Terasaki et al. (1995)  Husband-to-mother: n = 368 Comparable allograft survival between spousal donor and unrelated living donor. Pregnancy is a risk factor for loss of allograft 
Child-to-mother: n = 1,411 
Mahanty et al. (2001)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 874 Fetal tolerance did not translate to a superior allograft survival from offspring donors. Multiple pregnancy trended towards poor allograft survival 
Unrelated living donor to mother: n = 310 
Cohen et al. (2003)  Offspring-to-parent: n = 3,370 Comparable death censored 5-yr allograft survival in offspring-to-parent compared to unrelated living donor 
Unrelated living donor: n = 8,351 
Deceased donor: n = 44,792 
Miles et al. (2008)  Offspring to mother: n = 3,124 Comparable and poor allograft survival in offspring-to-parent and parent-to-offspring transplants 
Parent to offspring: n = 6,076 
Ghafari (2008)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 12 Unrelated living donor allografts survival was significantly higher compared to offspring and husband donor allografts 
Husband-to-mother: n = 9 
Unrelated living donor: n = 150 
Choi et al. (2012)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 49 Comparable 5- and 10-yr kidney graft survival between offspring-to-mother and offspring-to-father transplant. Mother-to-child had worse outcome 
Parent-to-offspring: n = 146 
Redfield et al. (2016)  Highly sensitized: n = 7,145 Increased graft loss by 23% among women with a history of pregnancy and transfusion compared to non-sensitized 
Non-sensitized: n = 100,147 
Cohen et al. (2018)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 1,332 Comparable allograft survival between offspring and unrelated living donor transplant to mother 
Unrelated living donor: n = 1,435 
Dagan et al. (2020)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 148 Offspring donor allograft survival lower compared to unrelated living donor 
Unrelated living donor: n = 93 Male offspring donor resulted in poorer survival compared to female offspring donor 
Senn et al. (2021)  Husband-to-mother: n = 25 Poor allograft survival among mothers who received allograft from spouse compared to unrelated living donor or deceased donor 
Unrelated living donor: n = 52 
Deceased donor: n = 120 
AuthorNo. of transplantsOutcome
Terasaki et al. (1995)  Husband-to-mother: n = 368 Comparable allograft survival between spousal donor and unrelated living donor. Pregnancy is a risk factor for loss of allograft 
Child-to-mother: n = 1,411 
Mahanty et al. (2001)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 874 Fetal tolerance did not translate to a superior allograft survival from offspring donors. Multiple pregnancy trended towards poor allograft survival 
Unrelated living donor to mother: n = 310 
Cohen et al. (2003)  Offspring-to-parent: n = 3,370 Comparable death censored 5-yr allograft survival in offspring-to-parent compared to unrelated living donor 
Unrelated living donor: n = 8,351 
Deceased donor: n = 44,792 
Miles et al. (2008)  Offspring to mother: n = 3,124 Comparable and poor allograft survival in offspring-to-parent and parent-to-offspring transplants 
Parent to offspring: n = 6,076 
Ghafari (2008)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 12 Unrelated living donor allografts survival was significantly higher compared to offspring and husband donor allografts 
Husband-to-mother: n = 9 
Unrelated living donor: n = 150 
Choi et al. (2012)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 49 Comparable 5- and 10-yr kidney graft survival between offspring-to-mother and offspring-to-father transplant. Mother-to-child had worse outcome 
Parent-to-offspring: n = 146 
Redfield et al. (2016)  Highly sensitized: n = 7,145 Increased graft loss by 23% among women with a history of pregnancy and transfusion compared to non-sensitized 
Non-sensitized: n = 100,147 
Cohen et al. (2018)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 1,332 Comparable allograft survival between offspring and unrelated living donor transplant to mother 
Unrelated living donor: n = 1,435 
Dagan et al. (2020)  Offspring-to-mother: n = 148 Offspring donor allograft survival lower compared to unrelated living donor 
Unrelated living donor: n = 93 Male offspring donor resulted in poorer survival compared to female offspring donor 
Senn et al. (2021)  Husband-to-mother: n = 25 Poor allograft survival among mothers who received allograft from spouse compared to unrelated living donor or deceased donor 
Unrelated living donor: n = 52 
Deceased donor: n = 120 

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