| Cell type . | Effect of leptin . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|
| Innate immune system | ||
| Neutrophils | Stimulation of chemotaxis and release of oxygen radicals, inhibition of apoptosis; indirect activation via monocyte-derived TNF-α | Caldefie-Chezet et al., 2003; Bruno et al., 2005; Zarkesh-Esfahani et al., 2004 |
| Macrophages | Activation of phagocytosis, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukotriene synthesis | Loffreda et al., 1998; Mancuso et al., 2002 |
| Natural killer cells | Control of differentiation, proliferation and cytotoxicity | Tian et al., 2002 |
| Dendritic cells | Enhancement of cell maturation, cytokine production and ability to induce CD4+ T cell proliferation | Moraes-Vieira et al., 2014 |
| Adaptive immune system | ||
| B cells | Induction of differentiation and IgM production | Papathanassoglou et al., 2006; Jennbacken et al., 2013 |
| Naïve T cells | Stimulation of proliferation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines | Lord et al., 2002 |
| Memory T cells | Growth inhibition | Lord et al., 2002 |
| Th1/Th17 | Promotion of cell proliferation, survival, and cytokine release | Papathanassoglou et al., 2006 |
| T reg | Inhibition of proliferation and homeostasis | De Rosa et al., 2007 |
| Cell type . | Effect of leptin . | Reference . |
|---|---|---|
| Innate immune system | ||
| Neutrophils | Stimulation of chemotaxis and release of oxygen radicals, inhibition of apoptosis; indirect activation via monocyte-derived TNF-α | Caldefie-Chezet et al., 2003; Bruno et al., 2005; Zarkesh-Esfahani et al., 2004 |
| Macrophages | Activation of phagocytosis, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukotriene synthesis | Loffreda et al., 1998; Mancuso et al., 2002 |
| Natural killer cells | Control of differentiation, proliferation and cytotoxicity | Tian et al., 2002 |
| Dendritic cells | Enhancement of cell maturation, cytokine production and ability to induce CD4+ T cell proliferation | Moraes-Vieira et al., 2014 |
| Adaptive immune system | ||
| B cells | Induction of differentiation and IgM production | Papathanassoglou et al., 2006; Jennbacken et al., 2013 |
| Naïve T cells | Stimulation of proliferation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines | Lord et al., 2002 |
| Memory T cells | Growth inhibition | Lord et al., 2002 |
| Th1/Th17 | Promotion of cell proliferation, survival, and cytokine release | Papathanassoglou et al., 2006 |
| T reg | Inhibition of proliferation and homeostasis | De Rosa et al., 2007 |