| PD-L1 status and significance . | Cell type/types being positive or negative for PD-L1 . | Examples of mechanisms . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | |||
| Genetic process | Cancer cells | PDJ amplicon | Ansell et al., 2015 |
| MYC | Casey et al., 2016 | ||
| PDL1 3′-UTR disruption | Kataoka et al., 2016 | ||
| CDK5 disruption | Dorand et al., 2016 | ||
| Mutant EGFR | Akbay et al., 2013 | ||
| PTEN deletion | Parsa et al., 2007 | ||
| PI3K/AKT mutations | Lastwika et al., 2016 | ||
| Reactive to a T cell infiltrate | Cancer and immune cells/stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment | IFN-γ induced upon tumor antigen–specific T cell infiltration | Lee et al., 2006; Taube et al., 2012; Herbst et al., 2014; Tumeh et al., 2014 |
| Negative | |||
| Genetic process | Cancer cells | JAK1 or JAK2 truncating mutations | Shin, D.S., et al. 2015. Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. Abstr. 5013; Zaretsky et al., 2016 |
| Absence of a T cell infiltrate | Cancer and immune cells/stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment | No T cells in the tumor | Herbst et al., 2014; Tumeh et al., 2014 |
| PD-L1 status and significance . | Cell type/types being positive or negative for PD-L1 . | Examples of mechanisms . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | |||
| Genetic process | Cancer cells | PDJ amplicon | Ansell et al., 2015 |
| MYC | Casey et al., 2016 | ||
| PDL1 3′-UTR disruption | Kataoka et al., 2016 | ||
| CDK5 disruption | Dorand et al., 2016 | ||
| Mutant EGFR | Akbay et al., 2013 | ||
| PTEN deletion | Parsa et al., 2007 | ||
| PI3K/AKT mutations | Lastwika et al., 2016 | ||
| Reactive to a T cell infiltrate | Cancer and immune cells/stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment | IFN-γ induced upon tumor antigen–specific T cell infiltration | Lee et al., 2006; Taube et al., 2012; Herbst et al., 2014; Tumeh et al., 2014 |
| Negative | |||
| Genetic process | Cancer cells | JAK1 or JAK2 truncating mutations | Shin, D.S., et al. 2015. Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. Abstr. 5013; Zaretsky et al., 2016 |
| Absence of a T cell infiltrate | Cancer and immune cells/stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment | No T cells in the tumor | Herbst et al., 2014; Tumeh et al., 2014 |