Cox regression analysis of melanoma-specific mortality for primary melanoma archival tissue samples
| Clinicopathological factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age at diagnosis (yr) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.014 | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1 | |||
| Male | 1.36 (0.53–3.47) | 0.517 | ||
| Site of melanoma | ||||
| Head/neck | 1 | |||
| Extremities | 0.47 (0.10–2.10) | 0.32 | ||
| Acral | 0.80 (0.13–4.79) | 0.806 | ||
| Trunk | 1.14 (0.31–4.24) | 0.847 | ||
| Breslow thickness | ||||
| T1 | 1 | |||
| T2 | - | - | ||
| T3 | - | - | ||
| T4 | 17.30 (2.25–133.27) | 0.006 | ||
| Clark level | ||||
| II | 1 | |||
| III | 3.53 (0.39–31.66) | 0.259 | ||
| IV | 5.04 (0.64–39.88) | 0.125 | ||
| V | 14.29 (1.59–128.58) | 0.018 | ||
| Histological classification | ||||
| ALM | 1 | |||
| NMM | 3.13 (0.41–23.87) | 0.27 | ||
| SSM | 0.44 (0.05–4.25) | 0.477 | ||
| Growth phase | ||||
| RGP | 1 | |||
| VGP | 6.85 (0.91–51.63) | 0.062 | ||
| Ulceration status | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | |
| Yes | 7.25 (2.38–22.12) | 0.001 | 7.04 (2.30–21.50) | |
| Mitotic rate (number/mm2) | ||||
| Stage 1 | 1 | |||
| Stage 2 | 1.09 (0.18–6.57) | 0.922 | ||
| Stage 3 | 4.63 (1.21–17.69) | 0.025 | ||
| Stage 4 | 4.77 (0.79–28.90) | 0.089 | ||
| Regression | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.25 (0.03–1.87) | 0.176 | ||
| Microsatellites | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 4.63 (1.73–12.39) | 0.002 | ||
| Recurrence | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.50 (0.34–6.57) | 0.588 | ||
| Metastases | ||||
| Nil | 1 | |||
| Lymph | - | - | ||
| Multiple | - | - | ||
| p63 status | ||||
| Negative | 1 | 1 | 0.074 | |
| Positive | 3.10 (1.02–9.48) | 0.047 | 2.77 (0.91–8.51) | |
| Clinicopathological factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age at diagnosis (yr) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.014 | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1 | |||
| Male | 1.36 (0.53–3.47) | 0.517 | ||
| Site of melanoma | ||||
| Head/neck | 1 | |||
| Extremities | 0.47 (0.10–2.10) | 0.32 | ||
| Acral | 0.80 (0.13–4.79) | 0.806 | ||
| Trunk | 1.14 (0.31–4.24) | 0.847 | ||
| Breslow thickness | ||||
| T1 | 1 | |||
| T2 | - | - | ||
| T3 | - | - | ||
| T4 | 17.30 (2.25–133.27) | 0.006 | ||
| Clark level | ||||
| II | 1 | |||
| III | 3.53 (0.39–31.66) | 0.259 | ||
| IV | 5.04 (0.64–39.88) | 0.125 | ||
| V | 14.29 (1.59–128.58) | 0.018 | ||
| Histological classification | ||||
| ALM | 1 | |||
| NMM | 3.13 (0.41–23.87) | 0.27 | ||
| SSM | 0.44 (0.05–4.25) | 0.477 | ||
| Growth phase | ||||
| RGP | 1 | |||
| VGP | 6.85 (0.91–51.63) | 0.062 | ||
| Ulceration status | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | |
| Yes | 7.25 (2.38–22.12) | 0.001 | 7.04 (2.30–21.50) | |
| Mitotic rate (number/mm2) | ||||
| Stage 1 | 1 | |||
| Stage 2 | 1.09 (0.18–6.57) | 0.922 | ||
| Stage 3 | 4.63 (1.21–17.69) | 0.025 | ||
| Stage 4 | 4.77 (0.79–28.90) | 0.089 | ||
| Regression | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.25 (0.03–1.87) | 0.176 | ||
| Microsatellites | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 4.63 (1.73–12.39) | 0.002 | ||
| Recurrence | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.50 (0.34–6.57) | 0.588 | ||
| Metastases | ||||
| Nil | 1 | |||
| Lymph | - | - | ||
| Multiple | - | - | ||
| p63 status | ||||
| Negative | 1 | 1 | 0.074 | |
| Positive | 3.10 (1.02–9.48) | 0.047 | 2.77 (0.91–8.51) | |
ALM, acral lentiginous melanoma; NMM, nodular melanoma; SSM, superficial spreading melanoma; VGP, vertical growth phase. P-values are from Cox proportional HR. For Breslow thickness categories, T1, 0–1 mm; T2, 1–2 mm; T3, 2–4 mm; and T4, >4 mm. Clark level defines depth related to skin structures: level I, melanomas confined to the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis; level II, penetration by melanomas into the second layer of the skin, the dermis; level III, melanomas invade deeper through the dermis but are still contained completely within the skin; and level IV, penetration of melanoma into the fat of the skin beneath the dermis, penetration into the third layer of the skin, the subcutis. Mitotic rate categories were chosen based on significant survival differences demonstrated between these groupings (Azzola et al., 2003). “-” indicates that there were not enough values in each subcategory to undertake an analysis.