Table 2.

CTGF expression in MM cells was dominantly observed in sarcomatoid type tissues

No. Pathological subtype Features p-Smad2 (nuclear) YAP (nuclear) CTGF (cytoplasm) 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous ± 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous ± 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous ± 
Desmoplastic (sarcomatoid) Fibrous 
Desmoplastic (sarcomatoid) Fibrous 
10 Biphasic Fibrous sarcomatoid, tubulopapillary S: +, E: ± S: +, E:− 
11 Biphasic Fibrous sarcomatoid, microcystic S: ±, E: ± S: +, E: + 
12 Biphasic Fibrous sarcomatoid, solid (well-differentiated) S: +, E: + S: ±, E: ± 
13 Epithelioid Fibrous microcystic 
14 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
15 Epithelioid Microcystic, tubulopapillary ± 
16 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
17 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
18 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
19 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
20 Epithelioid Microcystic − 
21 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − 
22 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary ± 
23 Epithelioid Solid (well-differentiated) − 
24 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − 
No. Pathological subtype Features p-Smad2 (nuclear) YAP (nuclear) CTGF (cytoplasm) 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous ± 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous ± 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous 
Sarcomatoid Fibrous ± 
Desmoplastic (sarcomatoid) Fibrous 
Desmoplastic (sarcomatoid) Fibrous 
10 Biphasic Fibrous sarcomatoid, tubulopapillary S: +, E: ± S: +, E:− 
11 Biphasic Fibrous sarcomatoid, microcystic S: ±, E: ± S: +, E: + 
12 Biphasic Fibrous sarcomatoid, solid (well-differentiated) S: +, E: + S: ±, E: ± 
13 Epithelioid Fibrous microcystic 
14 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
15 Epithelioid Microcystic, tubulopapillary ± 
16 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
17 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
18 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
19 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − − 
20 Epithelioid Microcystic − 
21 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − 
22 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary ± 
23 Epithelioid Solid (well-differentiated) − 
24 Epithelioid Tubulopapillary − 

Immunohistochemical staining of 24 patients was performed using p-Smad2, YAP, and CTGF antibodies. Tissues were classified based on pathological subtypes. +, positive; ±, partially positive; −, negative; S, sarcomatoid part; E, epithelioid part.

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