Microglia are a major source of Th17-polarizing cytokines in the absence of NK cells
| Cytokines | Cell source | ||
| Microglia | mDCs | Astrocytes | |
| IL-1 | 283.5 ± 9.0** | 151.4 ±19.8 | 40.0 ± 3.9 |
| IL-6 | 478.3 ± 49.7* | 139.1 ±16.3 | 48.0 ± 6.3 |
| IL-23 | 233.5 ± 21.7** | 91.7 ± 12.5 | 81.3 ± 12.5 |
| Cytokines | Cell source | ||
| Microglia | mDCs | Astrocytes | |
| IL-1 | 283.5 ± 9.0** | 151.4 ±19.8 | 40.0 ± 3.9 |
| IL-6 | 478.3 ± 49.7* | 139.1 ±16.3 | 48.0 ± 6.3 |
| IL-23 | 233.5 ± 21.7** | 91.7 ± 12.5 | 81.3 ± 12.5 |
Microglia, mDCs, and astrocytes were isolated from CNS tissues, and cytokine release was measured by ELISA. n = 4/group. Data represent three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, Student’s t test.