Table 2. Glossary of effectors: Histone... | Rockefeller University Press

Table 2.

Glossary of effectors: Histone modifications by bacterial virulence factors

Bacteria	Effector	Host target	Target pathways	Outcome	Mode of action	Reference
L. monocytogenes	LLO	Unknown	Unknown	Dephosphorylation of H3S10; deacetylation of H4	Cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pore-forming toxin	Hamon et al., 2007
L. monocytogenes	InlB	SIRT2	PI3K/AKT	Deacetylation of H3K18	Binds to the cell surface receptor c-Met	Eskandarian et al., 2013
S. flexneri	OspF	ERK and p38 (MAPKs)	MAPK	Dephosphorylation of H3S10	Phosphothreonine lyase	Arbibe et al., 2007; Li et al., 2007; Zhu et al., 2007
S. typhimurium	SpvC	ERK (MAPKs)	MAPK	Dephosphorylation of MAPKs	Phosphothreonine lyase	Li et al., 2007; Zhu et al., 2007; Haneda et al., 2012
C. trachomatis	NUE	Histones H2B, H3, and H4	Direct PTM^{^a}	Transcriptional repression	Methyltransferase	Pennini et al., 2010
L. pneumophila Paris	RomA	Histone H3	Direct PTM	Methylation of H3K14; transcriptional repression	Methyltransferase	Rolando et al., 2013
L. pneumophila Philadelphia LP02	LegAS4	Histone H3	Direct PTM	Methylation of H3K4; transcriptional activation of ribosomal RNA genes	Methyltransferase	Li et al., 2013
B. anthracis^{^b}	BaSET	Histone H1	Direct PTM; NF-κB	Trimethylation of histone H1; transcriptional repression of NF-κB target genes	Methyltransferase	Mujtaba et al., 2013
M. tuberculosis	Rv1988	Histone H3	Direct PTM	Dimethylation of histone H3R42; transcriptional repression of genes involved in ROS production	Methyltransferase	Yaseen et al., 2015

Bacteria	Effector	Host target	Target pathways	Outcome	Mode of action	Reference
L. monocytogenes	LLO	Unknown	Unknown	Dephosphorylation of H3S10; deacetylation of H4	Cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pore-forming toxin	Hamon et al., 2007
L. monocytogenes	InlB	SIRT2	PI3K/AKT	Deacetylation of H3K18	Binds to the cell surface receptor c-Met	Eskandarian et al., 2013
S. flexneri	OspF	ERK and p38 (MAPKs)	MAPK	Dephosphorylation of H3S10	Phosphothreonine lyase	Arbibe et al., 2007; Li et al., 2007; Zhu et al., 2007
S. typhimurium	SpvC	ERK (MAPKs)	MAPK	Dephosphorylation of MAPKs	Phosphothreonine lyase	Li et al., 2007; Zhu et al., 2007; Haneda et al., 2012
C. trachomatis	NUE	Histones H2B, H3, and H4	Direct PTM^a	Transcriptional repression	Methyltransferase	Pennini et al., 2010
L. pneumophila Paris	RomA	Histone H3	Direct PTM	Methylation of H3K14; transcriptional repression	Methyltransferase	Rolando et al., 2013
L. pneumophila Philadelphia LP02	LegAS4	Histone H3	Direct PTM	Methylation of H3K4; transcriptional activation of ribosomal RNA genes	Methyltransferase	Li et al., 2013
B. anthracis^b	BaSET	Histone H1	Direct PTM; NF-κB	Trimethylation of histone H1; transcriptional repression of NF-κB target genes	Methyltransferase	Mujtaba et al., 2013
M. tuberculosis	Rv1988	Histone H3	Direct PTM	Dimethylation of histone H3R42; transcriptional repression of genes involved in ROS production	Methyltransferase	Yaseen et al., 2015

PTM, posttranslational modification.

Extracellular pathogen.