Lysosome localization of TORC1
| Pathway | Mechanism of localization | Cell type | Technique | Reference |
| mTORC1 | Rheb localizes to the late endosome/lysosome | MDCK; HeLa; 1321N1 | Confocal live-cell imaging; expression of GFP-Rheb | Saito et al., 2005 |
| mTORC1 | The TSC complex is at the lysosome | HeLa | Wide-field imaging; PFA fixation; endogenous TSC2 | Dibble et al., 2012 |
| mTORC1 | Amino acids stimulate mTOR translocation from the cytoplasm to the lysosome in a Rag- and Ragulator-dependent manner; Rheb, Ragulator, and Rags are at the lysosome independently of amino acids | HEK293T | Confocal imaging; PFA fixation; endogenous mTOR, raptor, RagA/B, RagC; validation of antibody expression of GFP-Rheb, GFP-RagB/C/D, GFP-LAMTOR1, HA-raptor, myc-mTOR, FLAG-raptor, FLAG-LAMTOR4, FLAG-LAMTOR5 | Sancak et al., 2008, 2010; Bar-Peled et al., 2012 |
| mTORC1 | Glutaminolysis stimulates mTOR translocation from the cytoplasm to the lysosome | U2OS | Wide-field imaging; PFA fixation; endogenous mTOR | Durán et al., 2012b |
| Yeast TORC1 | Tco89 (component of TORC1) is at the plasma membrane and the vacuole/lysosome | S. cerevisiae | Immuno-EM; PFA fixation; genomically tagged Tco89-Myc | Reinke et al., 2004 |
| Yeast TORC1 | TORC1 (Tco89; Kog1; Sch9; TOR1) is mainly at the vacuole/lysosome | S. cerevisiae | Live-cell, wide-field, and confocal imaging; genomically tagged Tco89-GFP, Kog1-GFP, Sch9-GFP, TOR1-GFP | Huh et al., 2003; Urban et al., 2007; Sturgill et al., 2008 |
| Yeast TORC1 | TORC1 (Tco89; Ego1; Sch9; TOR1) is mainly at the vacuole/lysosome, and this localization is independent of amino acid (Leu) availability | S. cerevisiae | Live-cell imaging; genomically tagged Tco89-GFP, Ego1-GFP, Sch9-GFP, TOR1-GFP | Binda et al., 2009 |
| Pathway | Mechanism of localization | Cell type | Technique | Reference |
| mTORC1 | Rheb localizes to the late endosome/lysosome | MDCK; HeLa; 1321N1 | Confocal live-cell imaging; expression of GFP-Rheb | Saito et al., 2005 |
| mTORC1 | The TSC complex is at the lysosome | HeLa | Wide-field imaging; PFA fixation; endogenous TSC2 | Dibble et al., 2012 |
| mTORC1 | Amino acids stimulate mTOR translocation from the cytoplasm to the lysosome in a Rag- and Ragulator-dependent manner; Rheb, Ragulator, and Rags are at the lysosome independently of amino acids | HEK293T | Confocal imaging; PFA fixation; endogenous mTOR, raptor, RagA/B, RagC; validation of antibody expression of GFP-Rheb, GFP-RagB/C/D, GFP-LAMTOR1, HA-raptor, myc-mTOR, FLAG-raptor, FLAG-LAMTOR4, FLAG-LAMTOR5 | Sancak et al., 2008, 2010; Bar-Peled et al., 2012 |
| mTORC1 | Glutaminolysis stimulates mTOR translocation from the cytoplasm to the lysosome | U2OS | Wide-field imaging; PFA fixation; endogenous mTOR | Durán et al., 2012b |
| Yeast TORC1 | Tco89 (component of TORC1) is at the plasma membrane and the vacuole/lysosome | S. cerevisiae | Immuno-EM; PFA fixation; genomically tagged Tco89-Myc | Reinke et al., 2004 |
| Yeast TORC1 | TORC1 (Tco89; Kog1; Sch9; TOR1) is mainly at the vacuole/lysosome | S. cerevisiae | Live-cell, wide-field, and confocal imaging; genomically tagged Tco89-GFP, Kog1-GFP, Sch9-GFP, TOR1-GFP | Huh et al., 2003; Urban et al., 2007; Sturgill et al., 2008 |
| Yeast TORC1 | TORC1 (Tco89; Ego1; Sch9; TOR1) is mainly at the vacuole/lysosome, and this localization is independent of amino acid (Leu) availability | S. cerevisiae | Live-cell imaging; genomically tagged Tco89-GFP, Ego1-GFP, Sch9-GFP, TOR1-GFP | Binda et al., 2009 |
This table groups the most important reports that link TORC1 and mTORC1 to the lysosome. By using a range of different techniques, distinct components of TORC1 have consistently been identified at the lysosome in different cell types. PFA, paraformaldehyde; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex.