Table I. Experimental systems initiating... | Rockefeller University Press

Table I.

Experimental systems initiating PM blebbing and their key regulators

Nonapoptotic bleb formation caused by	Proposed function	Rho/ROCK	Myosin	Formin	Src	References
Protease inhibition in 3D collagen converts spindle-shaped HAT1080 and MDA-MB231 cells into spherical cell shape by remodeling of contractile actin cortex	Tumor cell invasion					Wolf et al., 2003
A375 cells in 3D matrigel leads to cell rounding and remodeling of contractile actin cortex	Tumor cell invasion	+				Sahai and Marshall, 2003
p53^−/− MEFs and A375 cells have elevated RhoA activity leading to cell rounding	Cell invasion	+				Gadea et al., 2007
MDA-MB-435 cells in 3D matrigel leads to cell rounding and remodeling of the contractile actin cortex	Tumor cell invasion	+	+	hDia1	−	Kitzing et al., 2007
SH4 domain overexpression causes spontaneous disruption of actin cortex	Cell invasion	+	+		+	Tournaviti et al., 2007
Filamin A deficiency in M2 cells leads to spontaneous disruption of actin cortex	ND	+	+			Cunningham et al., 1992; Charras et al., 2005
Talin deficiency in megakaryocytes	ND					Wang et al., 2008
Overexpression of RhoA Q63L in epithelial cells	Cell dissemination	+				Vasiliev et al., 2004
Overexpression of active DIP	ND	+		mDia2		Eisenmann et al., 2007
Rac1 deficiency in mouse fibroblasts	Cell proliferation and morphology					Vidali et al., 2006
Overexpression of FilGAP causes Rac inhibition and suppresses integrin-mediated cell spreading	Cell polarity	+				Ohta et al., 2006
RacL61A37 overexpression	ND					Schwartz et al., 1998
Overexpression of PM-anchored MARCKS	Reduced adhesion					Myat et al., 1997
Disruption of membrane–cytoskeleton interaction by reduced PM PIP2 levels as a result of experimental depletion or PIP5Kγ deficiency	ND					Raucher et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2008
Migration of primordial germ cells toward SDF1α in zebrafish	Chemotaxis	+	+			Blaser et al., 2006
Cell migration of Dictyostelium toward cAMP	Chemotaxis		+			Langridge and Kay, 2006; Yoshida and Soldati, 2006
Exposure of neuroblastoma cells to lysophosphatidic acid	ND		+			Hagmann et al., 1999
Cholecystokinin stimulation of pancreatic acini	ND		+		+	Singh and McNiven, 2008
Extracellular ATP via P2X7 surface receptors in various cell types	ND	+	+			MacKenzie et al., 2001; Verhoef et al., 2003; Panupinthu et al., 2007
Vaccinia virus presenting phosphatidylserine as pseudoapoptotic signal	Vaccinia virus entry	− (Rac)	+			Mercer and Helenius, 2008
Pseudomonas aeruginosa contact with epithelial cells	Pathogen motility					Angus et al., 2008

Nonapoptotic bleb formation caused by	Proposed function	Rho/ROCK	Myosin	Formin	Src	References
Protease inhibition in 3D collagen converts spindle-shaped HAT1080 and MDA-MB231 cells into spherical cell shape by remodeling of contractile actin cortex	Tumor cell invasion					Wolf et al., 2003
A375 cells in 3D matrigel leads to cell rounding and remodeling of contractile actin cortex	Tumor cell invasion	+				Sahai and Marshall, 2003
p53^−/− MEFs and A375 cells have elevated RhoA activity leading to cell rounding	Cell invasion	+				Gadea et al., 2007
MDA-MB-435 cells in 3D matrigel leads to cell rounding and remodeling of the contractile actin cortex	Tumor cell invasion	+	+	hDia1	−	Kitzing et al., 2007
SH4 domain overexpression causes spontaneous disruption of actin cortex	Cell invasion	+	+		+	Tournaviti et al., 2007
Filamin A deficiency in M2 cells leads to spontaneous disruption of actin cortex	ND	+	+			Cunningham et al., 1992; Charras et al., 2005
Talin deficiency in megakaryocytes	ND					Wang et al., 2008
Overexpression of RhoA Q63L in epithelial cells	Cell dissemination	+				Vasiliev et al., 2004
Overexpression of active DIP	ND	+		mDia2		Eisenmann et al., 2007
Rac1 deficiency in mouse fibroblasts	Cell proliferation and morphology					Vidali et al., 2006
Overexpression of FilGAP causes Rac inhibition and suppresses integrin-mediated cell spreading	Cell polarity	+				Ohta et al., 2006
RacL61A37 overexpression	ND					Schwartz et al., 1998
Overexpression of PM-anchored MARCKS	Reduced adhesion					Myat et al., 1997
Disruption of membrane–cytoskeleton interaction by reduced PM PIP2 levels as a result of experimental depletion or PIP5Kγ deficiency	ND					Raucher et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2008
Migration of primordial germ cells toward SDF1α in zebrafish	Chemotaxis	+	+			Blaser et al., 2006
Cell migration of Dictyostelium toward cAMP	Chemotaxis		+			Langridge and Kay, 2006; Yoshida and Soldati, 2006
Exposure of neuroblastoma cells to lysophosphatidic acid	ND		+			Hagmann et al., 1999
Cholecystokinin stimulation of pancreatic acini	ND		+		+	Singh and McNiven, 2008
Extracellular ATP via P2X7 surface receptors in various cell types	ND	+	+			MacKenzie et al., 2001; Verhoef et al., 2003; Panupinthu et al., 2007
Vaccinia virus presenting phosphatidylserine as pseudoapoptotic signal	Vaccinia virus entry	− (Rac)	+			Mercer and Helenius, 2008
Pseudomonas aeruginosa contact with epithelial cells	Pathogen motility					Angus et al., 2008

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