Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of MyD88- and IRAK-4–deficient patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Kindred/PatientAge (yr)
and gender
Ancestry/countryIEIPre-existing comorbiditiesFeverb (d/peak)/symptomsHospital admissionc (d)ARDS/ICU admissiond (d)Oxygen therapye/days on oxygen therapy (BA)fOther treatmentsSeverity grade (CHGE score)Death
A/P1 17 (F) Roma/Spain MyD88 Lung calcifications Yes (9/38.3°C)/Dry cough, odynophagia Yes (7) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics, sGC Moderate No 
A/P2 19 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 Obesity (RF)a Yes (4/38.2°C)/Dry cough, odynophagia Yes (5) No/No cNC (max. 2 Lpm)/(4/3) Antibiotics, remdesivir, sGC Severe No 
B/P3 6 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 No No/Dry cough No No/No No/(NA) No Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 
C/P4 1.5 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 No Yes (1/38°C)/No Yes (5) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 
D/P5 6.5 (M) Roma/Belgium MyD88 No Yes (4/ND)/Cough, rhinorrhea, headache, diarrhea Yes (9) No/No cNC (max. 2 Lpm)/(5/4) Antibiotics Severe No 
E/P6 16 (F) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 Overweight Yes (8/39.4°C)/ND Yes (21) Yes/Yes (19) iMV/(3/11) Antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, sGC, tocilizumab, remdesivir Critical No 
E/P7 15 (F) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 Overweight Yes (5/40.9°C)/ND Yes (30) Yes/Yes (28) iMV, ECMO/(3/13) Antibiotics, antifungal drugs, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, sGC, tocilizumab Critical No 
E/P8 12 (M) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 Obesity (RF) Yes (3/39.0°C)/ND Yes (7) No/Yes (5, for observation) No/(NA) Antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine Moderate No 
F/P9 14 (M) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 Overweight Yes (5/40.0°C)/ND Yes (7) No/Yes (1) hfNC/(3/5) Antibiotics, remdesivir, sGC Critical No 
F/P10 9 (M) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 No Yes (3/39.5°C)/ND Yes (11) No/No cNC (max. 3 Lpm)/(6/3) Antibiotics, remdesivir sGC, baricitinib Severe No 
G/P11 8 (M) Roma/Italy MyD88 No No/NA No No/No No/(NA) No Silent No 
H/P12 8 (M) Roma/Germany MyD88 No Yes (4/39.8 °C)/Cough Yes (10) No/No Indirect oronasal oxygen (max. 3 Lpm)/(2/3) Antibiotics, sGC, IgRT Severe No 
I/P13 13 (M) Roma/Switzerland MyD88 Epilepsy Yes (4/39°C)/Cough, sore throat, headache Yes (4) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics Moderate No 
J/P14 1.2 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 No Yes (10/38.2°C)/
Diarrhea 
Yes (25) Yes/Yes (17) iMV/(7/16) Antibiotics, sGC Critical No 
J/P15 0.17 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 No Yes (3/38°C) Yes (17) Yes/Yes (10) iMV/(4/13) Antibiotics, remdesivir, sGC Critical No 
L/P16 24 (M) White, not Hispanic/Spain IRAK4 Eosinophilic esophagitis, allergic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis Yes (7/39°C)/Arthromyalgia, cough, dyspnea Yes (5) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics, tenofovir, sGC Moderate No 
M/P17 23 (M) White, not Hispanic/USA IRAK4 Restrictive lung disease
Neurocognitive delay (RF) 
Yes (94/ND)/Hypothermia (34.8°C on admission) Yes (94) Yes/Yes (23) iMV (family declined ECMO)/ (ND/94) Antibiotics, remdesivir, sGC Critical Yes 
N/P18 15 (M) White, not Hispanic/Morocco IRAK4 No No (1/37.5°C)/ND Yes (3) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine Moderate No 
O/P19 14 (M) White, not Hispanic/Germany IRAK4 Neutropenia (700–1,540/mm3 baseline) Yes (3/39.4°C)/Cough, nasal congestion Yes (4) No No/(NA) Antibiotics, casirivimab + imdevimab Moderate No 
P/P20 6 (M) South Asian/Canada IRAK4 No Yes (2/38.5°C) No No/No No/(NA) No Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 
P/P21 3 (M) South Asian/Canada IRAK4 No Yes (2/38.5°C) No No/No No/(NA) No Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 
Q/P22 8 (F) South Asian/Belgium IRAK4 No No No No/No No (NA) No Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 
Kindred/PatientAge (yr)
and gender
Ancestry/countryIEIPre-existing comorbiditiesFeverb (d/peak)/symptomsHospital admissionc (d)ARDS/ICU admissiond (d)Oxygen therapye/days on oxygen therapy (BA)fOther treatmentsSeverity grade (CHGE score)Death
A/P1 17 (F) Roma/Spain MyD88 Lung calcifications Yes (9/38.3°C)/Dry cough, odynophagia Yes (7) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics, sGC Moderate No 
A/P2 19 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 Obesity (RF)a Yes (4/38.2°C)/Dry cough, odynophagia Yes (5) No/No cNC (max. 2 Lpm)/(4/3) Antibiotics, remdesivir, sGC Severe No 
B/P3 6 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 No No/Dry cough No No/No No/(NA) No Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 
C/P4 1.5 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 No Yes (1/38°C)/No Yes (5) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 
D/P5 6.5 (M) Roma/Belgium MyD88 No Yes (4/ND)/Cough, rhinorrhea, headache, diarrhea Yes (9) No/No cNC (max. 2 Lpm)/(5/4) Antibiotics Severe No 
E/P6 16 (F) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 Overweight Yes (8/39.4°C)/ND Yes (21) Yes/Yes (19) iMV/(3/11) Antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, sGC, tocilizumab, remdesivir Critical No 
E/P7 15 (F) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 Overweight Yes (5/40.9°C)/ND Yes (30) Yes/Yes (28) iMV, ECMO/(3/13) Antibiotics, antifungal drugs, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, sGC, tocilizumab Critical No 
E/P8 12 (M) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 Obesity (RF) Yes (3/39.0°C)/ND Yes (7) No/Yes (5, for observation) No/(NA) Antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine Moderate No 
F/P9 14 (M) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 Overweight Yes (5/40.0°C)/ND Yes (7) No/Yes (1) hfNC/(3/5) Antibiotics, remdesivir, sGC Critical No 
F/P10 9 (M) White, not Hispanic/USA MyD88 No Yes (3/39.5°C)/ND Yes (11) No/No cNC (max. 3 Lpm)/(6/3) Antibiotics, remdesivir sGC, baricitinib Severe No 
G/P11 8 (M) Roma/Italy MyD88 No No/NA No No/No No/(NA) No Silent No 
H/P12 8 (M) Roma/Germany MyD88 No Yes (4/39.8 °C)/Cough Yes (10) No/No Indirect oronasal oxygen (max. 3 Lpm)/(2/3) Antibiotics, sGC, IgRT Severe No 
I/P13 13 (M) Roma/Switzerland MyD88 Epilepsy Yes (4/39°C)/Cough, sore throat, headache Yes (4) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics Moderate No 
J/P14 1.2 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 No Yes (10/38.2°C)/
Diarrhea 
Yes (25) Yes/Yes (17) iMV/(7/16) Antibiotics, sGC Critical No 
J/P15 0.17 (M) Roma/Spain MyD88 No Yes (3/38°C) Yes (17) Yes/Yes (10) iMV/(4/13) Antibiotics, remdesivir, sGC Critical No 
L/P16 24 (M) White, not Hispanic/Spain IRAK4 Eosinophilic esophagitis, allergic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis Yes (7/39°C)/Arthromyalgia, cough, dyspnea Yes (5) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics, tenofovir, sGC Moderate No 
M/P17 23 (M) White, not Hispanic/USA IRAK4 Restrictive lung disease
Neurocognitive delay (RF) 
Yes (94/ND)/Hypothermia (34.8°C on admission) Yes (94) Yes/Yes (23) iMV (family declined ECMO)/ (ND/94) Antibiotics, remdesivir, sGC Critical Yes 
N/P18 15 (M) White, not Hispanic/Morocco IRAK4 No No (1/37.5°C)/ND Yes (3) No/No No/(NA) Antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine Moderate No 
O/P19 14 (M) White, not Hispanic/Germany IRAK4 Neutropenia (700–1,540/mm3 baseline) Yes (3/39.4°C)/Cough, nasal congestion Yes (4) No No/(NA) Antibiotics, casirivimab + imdevimab Moderate No 
P/P20 6 (M) South Asian/Canada IRAK4 No Yes (2/38.5°C) No No/No No/(NA) No Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 
P/P21 3 (M) South Asian/Canada IRAK4 No Yes (2/38.5°C) No No/No No/(NA) No Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 
Q/P22 8 (F) South Asian/Belgium IRAK4 No No No No/No No (NA) No Mild/Non-confirmed pneumonia No 

P, patient; M, male, F, female; cNC, conventional nasal cannula; iMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; hfNC, high flow nasal cannula; Lpm, liters per minute; BA, before admission; sGC, systemic glucocorticoids; NA, not applicable; ND, no data.

a

RF indicates when the documented comorbidity is a recognized risk factor for severe COVID-19.

b

Fever: Yes or no (days of fever/maximum temperature registered).

c

Hospital admission: Yes or no (days of hospital stay [including general ward and ICU]).

d

Patient with ARDS: Yes or no/Admitted to ICU: Yes or no (total number of days hospitalized in the ICU).

e

Oxygen support: Type of oxygen support (higher support) or no.

f

(Days from the onset of the first symptoms until the patient needed oxygen therapy/total number of days with oxygen therapy).

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