The antitumor effects of ionizing radiation (IR) are mediated in part through activation of innate and adaptive immunity. Here we report that gut microbiota influences tumor control following IR. Vancomycin decreased the abundance of butyrate-producing gut bacteria and enhanced antitumor responses to IR. Oral administration of Lachnospiraceae, a family of vancomycin-sensitive bacteria, was associated with increased systemic and intratumoral butyric acid levels and impaired the efficacy of IR in germ-free (GF) mice. Local butyrate inhibited STING-activated type I IFN expression in dendritic cells (DCs) through blockade of TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation, which abrogated IR-induced tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell immune responses without directly protecting tumor cells from radiation. Our findings demonstrate that the selective targeting of butyrate-producing microbiota may provide a novel therapeutic option to enhance tumor radiation sensitivity.
Suppression of local type I interferon by gut microbiota–derived butyrate impairs antitumor effects of ionizing radiation
Disclosures: R.R. Weichselbaum reported "other" from Boost Therapeutics, Immvira LLC, Reflexion Pharmaceuticals, Coordination Pharmaceuticals, Magi Therapeutics, Oncosenescence, Aettis Inc, AstraZeneca, Genus, Nano Proteagen, NK Max America Inc., Shuttle Pharmaceuticals, and Highlight Therapeutics S.L.; personal fees from Merck Serono SA; and grants from Varian and Regeneron outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Kaiting Yang, Yuzhu Hou, Yuan Zhang, Hua Liang, Anukriti Sharma, Wenxin Zheng, Liangliang Wang, Rolando Torres, Ken Tatebe, Steven J. Chmura, Sean P. Pitroda, Jack A. Gilbert, Yang-Xin Fu, Ralph R. Weichselbaum; Suppression of local type I interferon by gut microbiota–derived butyrate impairs antitumor effects of ionizing radiation. J Exp Med 1 March 2021; 218 (3): e20201915. doi: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201915
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